动物药紫草茸的药用历史考  

Textual Research on the Medicinal History of Animal Drug Shellac

作　　者：孙灵芝 SUN Lingzhi(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中医药文化》2023年第4期325-336,共12页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：北京社会科学基金规划项目专项(21LSA001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(2023-JYBPY-010)。

摘　　要：雌性紫胶虫的分泌物多称为紫胶,入药多被称为“紫矿”或“紫草茸”,在魏晋时期就有被用作药材和染料的记载,唐代用来治疗湿痒、疮疥、金创,宋人多用作染料,明代南方人用来制作燕脂,清代因与紫草混淆而多记为治痘疮,民国时期则常误认为是伪品紫草茸,现代朱良春认为紫草茸可清热、凉血、解毒,对瘟疫类疾病疗效显著。除医药和食品领域有应用之外,紫草茸还以“紫胶”之名广泛应用到国防、涂料、绝缘材料、黏合剂、油墨等领域,又以“虫胶”之名用作药用辅料,如包衣材料、成膜材料、缓释材料及微囊胶囊材料等。Shellac,a natural polymer secreted by female laccifer lacca,was used as Chinese medicine and called“Zi Kuang”or“Zi Cao Rong”.Shellac was used as medicinal material and dyestuff early in the Wei and Jin dynasties,as remedy to treat eczematous disease and scabies and metal-inflicted wound in the Tang dynasty,mainly as dyestuff in the Song dynasty,as ingredient to make rouge by the southerners in the Ming dynasty,as medicine to treat variola because it was wrongly regarded as紫草(Lithospermum),and mistaken as a counterfeit in the Republic of China.While,modern famous doctor Zhu Liangchun believed that it could clear heat,cool blood and remove toxin,with a prominent efficacy for treating pestilence.In addition to its usage as medicine and in food industry,shellac is also widely employed in fields such as national defense,paint,insulation materials,and adhesives and inks in the name of紫胶(lac),or serves as pharmaceutical adjuvant ingredient in coating,film-forming,sustained-release and microcapsule materials in the name of虫胶(shell-lac).

关 键 词：药学史 本草史 紫草茸 紫矿 紫胶 虫胶 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]