南山国家公园朱鹮野化训练与适应性研究  

The training and adaptation of wild release of Nipponia nippon in Nanshan National Park

作　　者：刘美玲 陈斌 王明旭 伍铠 舒梦瑶 刘其武 LIU Meiling;CHEN Bin;WANG Mingxu;WU Kai;SHU Mengyao;LIU Qiwu(Administration of Nanshan National Park,Shaoyang 422000,Hunan,China;Administration of Langshan Scenic Area,Shaoyang 422700,Hunan,China;Forestry Department of Hunan Province,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南南山国家公园管理局,湖南邵阳422000 [2]崀山风景名胜区管理局,湖南邵阳422700 [3]湖南省林业局,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2023年第4期112-118,共7页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：湖南省林业科技攻关与创新项目(XLKY202304)。

摘　　要：为扩增和恢复朱鹮种群分布,重建全球纬度最低的可自我维持的朱鹮野生种群,2022年9月6日-24日,在南山国家公园管理局采用野化网笼(r=15 m,h=15 m)对10只引入朱鹮进行了19 d的野化训练与环境适应研究。结果表明:笼内朱鹮的日活动行为占比依次为休息(43.09%)、觅食(31.8%)、理羽(15.38%)和其他行为(9.72%),其中休息占比最高。日间觅食呈现晨昏型,觅食高峰出现于9:00—10:00和15:00—16:00时段。休息行为(休息、理羽)在上午觅食高峰后占比逐渐增大,高峰期出现于14:00—15:00时段。笼内野放1 d内夜宿点对树和人造栖杠的选择为50%,5 d后夜宿点全部选择在树和人造栖杠上。笼内群体对人为噪音干扰和猛禽天敌表现出明显的应激行为,受惊后持续环形飞行,且出现逃逸现象。经过一个月的野化训练,南山国家公园朱鹮能适应野外条件,达到释放要求。From To expand and restore the population and distribution of Nipponia nippon,and rebuild the world s lowest latitude self-sustaining wild population,from September 6 to September 24,2022,the Nanshan National Park Administration conducted a 19-day wild training and environmental adaptation for 10 introduced Crested Ibis in a released net cage(r=15 m,h=15 m).The results showed that the daily activity ratio of the N.nippon in the cage was resting(43.09%),foraging(31.8%),preening(15.38%),and other behaviors(9.72%),with resting being the most frequent behavior.The daytime foraging showed a bimodal pattern,with the foraging peak occurring at 9:00-10:00 am and 3:00-4:00 pm.The resting behavior(resting,preening)gradually increased in proportion after the morning foraging peak,and the peak period appeared at 2:00-3:00 pm.Within one day of release,the N.nippon in the cage selected trees and artificial perches equally for roosting,but after five days,they completely chose trees and artificial perches for roosting.In addition,the group in the cage showed obvious stress behavior in response to human noise interference and raptor predators,with continuous circular flight and escape behavior after being frightened.After a month of wild training,the N.nippon in Nanshan National Park were able to adapt to the wild conditions and meet the requirements for release.

关 键 词：朱鹮 再引入 野化训练 时间分配 南山国家公园 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]