中国的人力资本积累与出口商品结构升级  

China s Human Capital Accumulation and Export Commodity Structure Upgrade

作　　者：曾卫锋[1] 张怡雪 ZENG Weifeng;ZHANG Yixue(Finance and Economics College,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学财经学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《集美大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期48-56,75,共10页Journal of Jimei University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学规划基金重点项目(21AJL009)。

摘　　要：基于要素禀赋变化的传统比较优势动态转化理论主要从劳动-资本相对价格上升角度解释企业的技术选择及由此而引起的出口商品结构由劳动密集型产业为主向资本技术密集型产业为主转变,而本研究利用中国高校扩招的准自然实验构建三重差分模型进行实证分析,表明人力资本积累通过扩大利用外资和推进技术创新显著促进了出口商品结构升级。地区异质性表明人力资本积累显著促进了东部地区出口商品资本密集度提升,而对中西部地区没有产生显著影响;行业异质性表明人力资本积累显著促进了资本技术密集型出口产品的资本密集度提升,而对自然资源和劳动密集型出口产品没有产生显著影响。本研究从人力资本积累视角为出口商品结构升级机制提供了新的解释。Based on the change of factor endowment,the traditional dynamic transformation theory of comparative advantage explains,mainly from the perspective of labor-capital relative price rise,the technological choice of enterprises and the resulting shift of export commodity structure from labor-intensive industries to capital-technology-intensive industries.Based on the quasi-natural experiment of college enrollment expansion in China,this paper constructs a triple difference model(Difference in Difference in Difference)and makes an empirical analysis.It shows that human capital accumulation significantly promotes the upgrading of export commodity structure through expanding the utilization of foreign capital investment and advancing technological innovation.Regional heterogeneity indicates that human capital accumulation significantly promotes the capital intensity of export commodities in eastern China,but has no significant impact on the central and western regions.Industry heterogeneity indicates that human capital accumulation significantly promotes the capital intensity of capital-technology-intensive export products,but has no significant impact on natural resources and labor-intensive export products.This paper provides a new explanation for the upgrading mechanism of export commodity structure from the perspective of human capital accumulation.

关 键 词：人力资本 出口商品结构 高校扩招 三重差分 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]