反应堆强放射性部件整备辐射安全分析  

Radiation Safety Analysis for Conditioning of Highly Radioactive Reactor Components

作　　者：许非 李垚 李莉[1,2] 苟家元 左伟[1,2] 吴耀 XU Fei;LI Yao;LI Li;GOU Jia-yuan;ZUO Wei;WU Yao(Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610005,China;Sichuan Decommissioned Management Engineering Laboratory,Chengdu 610005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核动力研究设计院,成都610005 [2]四川省退役治理工程实验室,成都610005

出　　处：《四川环境》2023年第4期252-259,共8页Sichuan Environment

摘　　要：放射性物质在运输过程中会对环境造成一定污染,并对人体产生辐射危害。为了科学全面的评估从某反应堆中取出的强放射性部件的切割运输活动对环境和人体的辐射影响是否满足国家标准的规定,进行了整备活动实施方案的设计并对涉及的主要放射性工作进行了分类整理,采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟和剂量估算模式对屏蔽容器以及整个整备过程中各种工艺操作对工作人员和公众产生的辐射影响进行了货包辐射水平和受照剂量的计算。辐射安全分析结果表明:货包屏蔽效果和正常工况下工作人员及公众的个人最大有效剂量均小于国家标准规定的剂量约束值,在辐射影响最大的两种事故工况下,工作人员和公众的所受辐射剂量也处于可接受的水平。采用的辐射安全评价方法可为进行涉核活动全流程的辐射环境影响评价提供参考。Radioactive materials in the process of transportation will cause certain pollution to the environment and radiation harm to human body.In order to scientifically and comprehensively assess whether the radiation effects on the environment and human body of the cutting and transportation activities of highly radioactive parts taken from a reactor meet the provisions of national standards,the implementation plan of the conditioning activities has been designed and the main radioactive work involvedhas been classified.The radiation effects on workers and the public from various process operations in the shielding container and throughout the conditioning activities were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation and dose estimation models.The results of radiation safety analysis showed that the shielding effect of cargo package and the maximum effective individual dose of the workers and the public under normal working conditions are less than the dose constraint value stipulated by the national standard,and the radiation dose of the workers and the public is also at an acceptable level under the two accident working conditions with the greatest radiation impact.The radiation safety assessment method adopted in this paper can provide reference for the radiation environmental impact assessment of the whole process of nuclear activities.

关 键 词：辐照监督管 切割 辐射安全分析 屏蔽 运输容器 

分 类 号：X34[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TL93[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]