黄淮海平原北部不同熟性夏玉米品种抗倒伏能力研究  

Lodging-resistance Comparison Among Sumer Maize Varieties with Different Growth Period in North of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

作　　者：苑雅俊 冯家兴 杨启帆 白雪 PUSHPA R A J 边大红[1] 崔彦宏[1] YUAN Yajun;FENG Jiaxing;YANG Qifan;BAI Xue;PUSHPA R A J;BIAN Dahong;CUI Yanhong(State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第7期21-28,共8页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300903);河北省高等学校科学技术青年基金项目(QN2019175);河北省玉米产业技术体系项目(HBCT2018020101)。

摘　　要：在玉米全程机械化栽培趋势下,针对黄淮海平原区夏玉米倒伏严重问题,以7个不同生育期夏玉米品种(中晚熟2个,中熟3个,中早熟2个)为材料,探讨不同熟性夏玉米品种灌浆期的抗倒伏能力。结果表明,黄淮海平原北部夏玉米植株株高、穗位高、穗高系数、基部第3节间长及基部节间K含量与品种熟性无关;中熟、中早熟品种水溶性碳水化合物含量明显大于中晚熟品种;中熟、中晚熟品种基部第3节间粗、近地面两层节根数、单株总根条数、植株抗拉力、基部第3节间穿刺强度及植株根拔力显著大于早熟品种。相关性分析表明,夏玉米植株抗拉力与穗高系数呈显著负相关,与单株总根数呈显著正相关;基部第3节间穿刺强度与节间K含量呈正相关。因此,黄淮海平原北部选育机收粒夏玉米品种时,除关注灌浆、脱水速率快之外,还应兼顾株高适宜、穗位低、基部节间粗壮等抗倒性状,同时,采用适宜栽培措施,抑制基部节间伸长、促进节间增粗及充实、加强根系发育,提高植株抗倒伏能力。研究结果为黄淮海平原北部高产、抗倒、机收粒夏玉米品种选育提供理论依据。In order to resolve the serious lodging promblem of summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain under current trend of full mechanized cultivation,7 summer maize varieties(2 early-maturing varieties,3 medium maturing varieties and 2 late maturing varieties)with different growth period were used to compare the lodgingresistance at grain filling period.The results showed that the plant height,ear height,ear height coefficient,length and K content of the basal 3rd internode of summer maize were not related to growth period.The contents of water soluble carbohydrate in middle and early maturing varieties were significantly higher than that in late maturing varieties.The diameter and puncture strength of the basal 3rd internode,the number of nodes near the ground and the total plant,the bending strength and the vertical root-pulling resistance of the plant in middle and late maturing varieties were significantly higher than those of the early maturing varieties.Correlation analysis showed that there was significantly negative correlation between plant bending strength and ear height coefficient,and significantly positive correlation between plant total root number per plant.Puncture intensity of the basal 3rd internode was positively correlated with K content.Therefore,we should not only pay attention to faster grain filling and dehydration rate,but also pay attention to appropriate plant height,lower ear height and higher diameter of the basal internode,at the same time,suitable cultivation measures with inhibition of basal internode elongation,promoting the internode enlargement and enrichment and root development,which should be used to improve the ability of plant resistance to lodging.Above results provided theory basis for breeding with high yield,lodging resistance and grain harvest mechanization of summer maize.

关 键 词：黄淮海平原北部 夏玉米 品种 熟性 倒伏 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]