有机液肥浓度与灌溉下限协同对基质培生菜生长及品质的影响  

Effects of organic liquid fertilizer concentration and irrigation lower limit on growth and quality of substrate cultured lettuce

作　　者：王若莹 王利春[1] 郭文忠 李海平[2] 李灵芝[2] 范凤翠[3] 王研 秦黎 李友丽 WANG Ruo-ying;WANG Li-chun;GUO Wen-zhong;LI Hai-ping;LI Ling-zhi;FAN Feng-cui;WANG Yan;QIN Li;LI You-li(Intelligent Equipment Technology Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu Shanxi 030800;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030800 [3]河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期28-35,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏自治区重点(重大)研发专项(2019BBF02010);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326904D)。

摘　　要：研究在配施底肥条件下,不同浓度有机液肥与灌溉下限协同对温室基质栽培生菜生长、产量及品质的影响,为生菜优质高产提供理论依据。试验以“富兰德里”生菜为试材,采用草炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1的基质配比,每立方米基质中配施20 kg鸡粪。试验设置清水为对照(CK),3个灌溉液处理:N1为营养液(霍格兰营养液配方,EC为1.8 mS·cm^(-1)),N2为低浓度有机液肥(EC为1.2 mS·cm^(-1))、N3为高浓度有机液肥(EC为1.8 mS·cm^(-1));3个灌溉下限处理:G1、G2、G3分别为基质最大持水量的60%、70%、80%,共组合成12个处理。结果表明,在每立方米基质配施20 kg鸡粪的条件下,营养液处理在70%灌溉下限其生菜生长状况最佳。当有机液肥处理EC为1.2 mS·cm^(-1)时可以有效促进生菜株幅、叶面积、生物量及SPAD值的增长,但当EC为1.8mS·cm^(-1)时,生菜的生长会受到抑制。在70%灌溉下限,营养液处理的生菜产量和灌溉水分利用效率最高,其次,EC为1.2 mS·cm^(-1)的有机液肥也可以有效增加生菜的产量,提高水分利用效率。灌溉有机液肥可以显著增加生菜中的维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量,且随浓度的增加而增长;也可以显著降低生菜中硝酸盐含量,在70%灌溉下限,有机液肥EC为1.2 mS·cm^(-1)生菜的硝酸盐含量最低。因此,灌溉下限为基质最大持水量的70%,EC为1.2 mS·cm^(-1)的有机液肥组合处理在保证生菜产量的前提下,相较于其他处理可有效降低硝酸盐含量,提高品质,为生菜的有机生产提供参考。The effects of different concentrations of organic liquid fertilizer and irrigation lower limit on the growth,yield and quality of greenhouse substrate cultivated lettuce were studied,and the theoretical basis for high quality and high yield of lettuce was studied.The test took“ Fulandri” lettuce as the test material,the matrix ratio of peat soil∶vermiculite∶perlite=2∶1∶1 was adopted,with 20 kg chicken manure per cubic meter of matrix.Taking water as control(CK),3 irrigation solutions were adopted:N1 was nutrient solution formula(EC is 1.8 mS·cm^(-1)),N2 was low concentration organic liquid fertilizer(EC is 1.2 mS·cm^(-1)),N3 was high concentration organic liquid fertilizer(EC is 1.8 mS·cm^(-1)).And 3 irrigation limits were set up:G1,G2 and G3 were 60%,70% and 80% of the maximum water capacity of the matrix,respectively,there were 12 treatments in total.The results showed that the growth status of lettuce was the best at the G2 treatments,with 20 kg of chicken manure per cubic matrix.Treatment of organic liquid fertilizer with EC of 1.2 mS·cm^(-1) effectively promoted the growth of lettuce plant size,leaf area,biomass and SPAD value,but with EC of 1.8 mS·cm^(-1),lettuce growth was inhibited.For the 70% irrigation treatment,the nutrient solution-treated lettuce has the highest yield and irrigation water use efficiency,followed by the organic liquid fertilizer with an EC of 1.2 mS·cm^(-1),which also effectively increased the lettuce yield and improved the water use efficiency.Irrigation with organic liquid fertilizer significantly increased the content of vitamin C and soluble protein in lettuce,and increased with the concentration increase. It also significantly reduced the nitrate content in lettuce,with the lowest organic liquid fertilizer EC of 1.2 mS·cm^(-1).In conclusion,when the lower limit of irrigation is 70% of the maximum water quantity of the matrix,and the organic liquid fertilizer EC is 1.2 mS·cm^(-1),the lettuce production can be ensured,the nitrate content can be effectively redu

关 键 词：生菜 有机液肥 灌溉下限 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S141[农业科学—园艺学]