不同营养类型有机肥对芒果品质和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of different nutrient types of organic fertilizers on mango quality and soil fertility

作　　者：周维杰 吴川德 李钟淏 李婷玉 罗照西 刘斌[3] 巫和义 阮云泽[1] ZHOU Wei-jie;WU Chuan-de;LI Zhong-hao;LI Ting-yu;LUO Zhao-xi;LIU Bin;WU He-yi;RUAN Yun-ze(School of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228;Agricultural Technical Service Center,Dalu Town,Hainan Qionghai 571425;Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Panzhihua Sichuan 617000;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Panzhihua City,Panzhihua Sichuan 617000)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南省琼海市大路镇农业服务中心,海南琼海571425 [3]攀枝花市农林科学研究院,四川攀枝花617000 [4]攀枝花市农业农村局,四川攀枝花617000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期84-95,共12页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672239);国家“973计划”(2015CB150503);攀枝花芒果有机肥应用与提质增效项目(RH2000003385);院士创新团队项目(No.RZ2000008513ky)。

摘　　要：晚熟芒果是攀枝花市重要的支柱产业,但是由于近些年生产中重化肥轻有机肥,导致果园土壤肥力退化、酸化现象严重,芒果品质下降。施用有机肥可以减少化肥施用量,同时提升土壤地力,但不同营养类型有机肥施用于不同土壤地力果园后对芒果品质和土壤肥力影响尚不清楚。在前期研究和调研的基础上,根据攀枝花晚熟芒果果园土壤的特点,选择了3个不同肥力等级的芒果园,通过3年的田间试验探索了施用不同碳氮比有机肥及优化施肥技术对芒果产量、品质及土壤地力提升的效果。结果表明:(1)有机肥施用下芒果产量和品质显著高于无机处理和不施肥处理,在同等氮素用量下,低碳氮比的鸡粪和动物氨基酸有机肥相较于高碳氮比的秸秆和甜叶菊有机肥,产量显著增加了19.4%,而碳氮比最高的甜叶菊有机肥较其他4种有机肥显著提高了芒果品质,增加了其6.0%糖度、30.3%酸度和18.8%还原性维生素C含量。(2)连续施用3年有机肥均能提升低、中和高肥力果园的平均产量,总养分最高的鸡粪有机肥处理下低肥力果园显著增产,动物氨基酸有机肥处理下中肥力果园显著增产,而高肥力果园不同类型有机肥间产量无显著差异。(3)从主成分综合得分分析,碳氮比最高的甜叶菊有机肥处理的土壤肥力综合得分最高,其次是动物氨基酸和鸡粪有机肥处理,最低为秸秆和牛粪有机肥处理。通过芒果的产量、品质、土壤肥力水平等因素综合考虑,攀枝花晚熟凯特芒果产量最优处理为鸡粪和动物氨基酸有机肥,品质最优处理为甜叶菊有机肥。5种类型有机肥均可提升土壤肥力水平,提升能力分别为甜叶菊>动物氨基酸>鸡粪>秸秆>牛粪有机肥。对于不同肥力果园,低肥力果园适合高养分含量的鸡粪有机肥,中肥力果园适合动物氨基酸有机肥,高肥力果园5种有机肥均适合,可从有机肥料价格、土壤�Late-ripening mango is an important pillar industry in Panzhihua city,Sichuan province.However,due to the large application of chemical fertilizer and little application of organic fertilizer production in recent years,the soil fertility of orchard is degraded and the acidification phenomenon is serious,and mango quality is decreased.Application of organic fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and improve soil fertility,but the effect of different nutrient types of organic fertilizer on mango quality and soil fertility is still not clear.On the basis of the previous research and investigation,three mango orchards with different fertility levels were selected according to the soil characteristics of Panzhihua late-maturing mango orchard.Through three years of field experiments,the effects of applying organic fertilizers with different carbon and nitrogen ratio ratios and optimizing fertilization techniques on the improvement of mango yield,quality and soil fertility were explored.The results showed that:(1)The yield and quality of mango with organic fertilizer application were significantly higher than those of inorganic and non-fertilization treatments.Under the same nitrogen application,the yield of chicken manure and animal amino acid organic fertilizer treatment was significantly increased by 19.4%,compared with that of straw and stevia organic fertilizer with high carbon and nitrogen ratio ratio treatment.Stevia organic fertilizer with the highest carbon and nitrogen ratio ratio significantly improved mango quality,increased sugar content by 6.0%,acidity by 30.3%and reducing Vc content by 18.8%,compared with the other four organic fertilizers.(2)Three years of continuous application of organic fertilizer increased the average yield of low,medium and high fertility orchards,the low fertility orchards with the highest total nutrient were significantly increased under chicken manure organic fertilizer treatment,and the middle fertility orchards with animal amino acid organic fertilizer treatmen

关 键 词：芒果 有机肥 果实产量 果实品质 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学] S141[农业科学—园艺学]