我国畜禽粪污资源化利用潜力与时空分布特征  

Spatiotemporal distribution of livestock and poultry waste and its resource utilization potential in China

作　　者：李艳丽[1] 白金顺[1] 赵林萍[1] 李兆君[1] LI Yan-li;BAI Jin-shun;ZHAO Lin-ping;LI Zhao-jun(Instirute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期114-124,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFF0213503)。

摘　　要：为准确掌握我国各区域畜禽粪污及其资源化利用潜力时空分布特征,有助于制定具有区域针对性的畜禽粪污无害化处理与资源化利用措施。基于统计数据,利用产污系数法估算我国畜禽粪污产生量;利用锡尔指数法、聚类分析法进一步分析其区域差异;通过土地承载力与土地负荷警戒值估算我国不同区域污染情况;通过化肥替代法与标准煤替代法估算我国畜禽粪污资源化利用潜力。结果表明:(1)2000—2019年我国畜禽粪污及其氮磷产量在时间维度上呈显著增长趋势,畜禽粪污产量总增幅24.00%,氮和磷总量总涨幅20.45%;(2)我国畜禽粪污和氮磷在空间分布上表现出鲜明的区域分布特征,区域内差异是造成全国差异的主要因素,20年间中南区和华东区是我国畜禽粪污和氮磷产生量的主要贡献区;(3)2019年我国氮磷土地负荷量均未超出欧盟标准,仅山东省畜禽粪污土地负荷量达到Ⅱ级,稍有污染风险;(4)2019年我国畜禽粪污资源化潜力分别为:氮肥、磷肥替代潜力分别为19.25%、4.55%,其中西藏自治区和青海省氮肥替代率分别为279.30%和137.99%,具有完全替代潜力。可折算为标准煤18266.24万tec,达到当年能源消费量替代潜力3.73%,全国均可不同程度实现能源替代。因此,我国应因地制宜,根据各区域实际畜禽粪污特征发展有机肥行业,鼓励生物能源开发等,制定具有区域针对性的政策与措施,从而推进我国畜禽粪污资源化利用。Accurately grasping spatiotemporal distribution of livestock and poultry waste and its resource utilization potential in various areas of China is helpful to formulate the measures of harmlessly treating and utilizing with regional pertinence.Based on statistical data,this study estimated the amount of livestock and poultry manure in China by using the generation coefficient method.Theil index method and cluster analysis method were used to further analyze the regional differences.The pollution situation of different regions in China was estimated by the warning value of land carrying capacity and cultivated land load.The utilization potential of livestock and poultry waste in China was estimated by using chemical fertilizer substitution method and standard coal substitution method.The results showed that:(1)From 2000 to 2019,the output of livestock and poultry waste in China increased by 24.00%and the total nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 20.45%;(2)The spatial distribution of manure,nitrogen and phosphorus showed distinct regional characteristics in China,and the intra-regional differences were the main factors causing the national differences.Eastern China and central south China were the main contributing regions of livestock and poultry waste and nitrogen and phosphorus production during the past 20 years;(3)In 2019,the agricultural land load of nitrogen and phosphorus in China did not exceed the EU standard,and only the load of livestock and poultry waste in Shandong province reached levelⅡ,with a slight pollution risk;(4)In 2019,the replacement potential of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer from livestock and poultry wastes in China was 19.25%and 4.55%,respectively.The replacement rate of nitrogen fertilizer in Tibet and Qinghai was 279.30%and 137.99%,respectively,showing a complete replacement potential.In 2019,livestock and poultry waste was converted into 182662400 tce of standard coal,reaching 3.73%of the energy consumption replacement potential,and energy replacement can be realized

关 键 词：畜禽粪污 分布特征 污染风险 资源化利用 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]