京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力现状初探  

Preliminary study on fertilization and soil fertility of facility vegetable fields in Beijing

作　　者：闫实 于跃跃 梁金凤 郭宁 刘瑜 赵凯丽 刘磊 YAN Shi;YU Yue-yue;LIANG Jin-feng;GUO Ning;LIU Yu;ZHAO Kai-li;LIU Lei(Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center,Beijing 100101;Beijing Tongzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 101101)

机构地区：[1]北京市耕地建设保护中心,北京100101 [2]北京市通州区农业(种植)技术推广中心,北京101101

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期125-133,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：为掌握京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力状况,通过问卷、入户调查、田间访谈和实地取样的方式,深入生产一线开展调研。调研发现:京郊设施番茄平均公顷产量为82539 kg,有机肥养分投入量平均折合纯N 200.10 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)137.25 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 348.75 kg/hm^(2),化肥养分投入量平均折合纯N 429.60 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)294.15 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 483.00 kg/hm^(2);种植0~15年的设施土壤有机质含量随种植年限迅速升高,而后增幅减缓,并保持相对稳定,种植15年以上的设施土壤有机质含量稍有降低;土壤有效磷和碱解氮含量随种植年限的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,11~15年达到最高值,土壤速效钾含量随种植年限的增加呈降低的趋势,土壤养分综合指数随着种植年限的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势;土壤生物肥力方面,不同种植年限的设施土壤均以细菌占优,其次为放线菌,真菌含量最少。随种植年限的增加,土壤细菌和微生物总数量呈先增高后降低的趋势,其中种植年限在11~15年之间的设施细菌和微生物总量最高,土壤转化酶、脱氢酶、脲酶活性均随种植年限的增加呈降低的趋势。初步摸清了京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力现状,为北京郊区设施菜地的科学管理提供依据。In order to master the fertilization and soil fertility status of facility vegetable fields in the suburbs of Beijing,through questionnaires,household surveys,field interviews and field sampling,the in-depth research on the production were conducted.It was found that the average yield of greenhouse tomatoes in the suburbs of Beijing was 82539 kg,the average input of organic fertilizer was equivalent to 200.10 kg of pure N,137.25 kg/hm^(2) of P_(2)O_(5) and 348.75 kg of K_(2)O,and the average input of chemical fertilizer was equivalent to 429.60 kg/hm^(2) of pure N,294.15 kg/hm^(2) of P_(2)O_(5) and 483.00 kg/hm^(2) of K_(2)O.The organic matter content of facility soil planted for 0 ~ 15 years increased rapidly with the planting years,and then the increase slowed down and remained relatively stable.The organic matter content of facility soil planted for more than 15 years decreased slightly.Soil available phosphorus and available nitrogen content increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting years,and reached the highest value in 11 ~ 15 years.Soil available potassium content decreased with the increase of planting years.In terms of soil biological fertility,bacteria were dominant in facility soils with different planting years,followed by actinomycetes,and fungi were the least.With the increase of planting years,the total number of soil bacteria and microorganisms increased first and then decreased,and the total number of bacteria and microorganisms in the facilities with planting years of 11 ~ 15 years was the highest.The activities of soil invertase,dehydrogenase and urease decreased with the increase of planting years.In this paper,the current situation of fertilization and soil fertility in facility vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs was preliminarily understood,which provided a basis for scientific management of facility vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs.

关 键 词：设施菜地 施肥 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]