东北典型县域稻田不同肥力土壤剖面肥力变化特征及验证  

Characteristics and verification of soil fertility changes in different fertility soil profiles of paddy fields in typical counties of northeast China

作　　者：周玲红 刘淑军[1,2] 刘立生 郝小雨[4] 黄晶 刘彩文 申华平[1,2] 马星竹 谷子寒[6] 张会民[1,2] ZHOU Ling-hong;LIU Shu-jun;LIU Li-sheng;HAO Xiao-yu;HUANG Jing;LIU Cai-wen;SHEN Hua-ping;MA Xing-zhu;GU Zi-han;ZHANG Hui-min(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081;National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System,Qiyang Hunan 426182;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Shigu District,Hengyang Hunan 421001;Institute of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization Research of Heilongjiang Provence,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Fangzheng County,fangzheng Heilongjiang 150800;Agricultural Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment of Hengyang City,Hengyang Hunan 421001)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]祁阳农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,湖南祁阳426182 [3]衡阳市石鼓区农业农村局,湖南衡阳421001 [4]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [5]黑龙江省方正县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江方正150800 [6]衡阳市农业综合行政执法支队,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期148-157,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671301);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(161032019035,161032020021);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(Y2022LM25)。

摘　　要：研究东北典型县域稻田不同肥力土壤剖面特征,阐明东北典型县域高肥力土壤的特征及中、低肥力土壤的关键障碍因素,为进一步提升该区域稻田肥力和水稻产量提供科学依据。在黑龙江省方正县7个乡镇采集了9个稻田不同肥力土壤剖面样,测定了耕层和犁底层厚度、土壤容重、pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、硫离子(S^(2-))、锰离子(Mn^(2+))、阳离子交换量(CEC)、团聚体组分、微生物量碳/氮等指标,进行土壤综合肥力评价以及水稻产量与各土壤肥力指标的逐步回归分析,探究肥力差异的主控因子。结果表明,稻田不同肥力土壤剖面有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、CEC、Mn^(2+)含量随剖面土层深度增加逐渐降低,且均表现为高肥力土壤>中肥力土壤>低肥力土壤。方正县高肥力土壤(产量大于10000 kg/hm^(2))耕作层厚,容重低,耕作层有机质含量丰富,全氮含量高,全磷含量中等,且犁底层有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量高。中肥力土壤(产量介于7500~10000 kg/hm^(2))耕作层有机质含量高,全氮含量中等,全磷含量低。低肥力土壤(产量介于5500~7500 kg/hm^(2))耕作层薄,土壤S^(2-)含量高,其他养分含量均低于高肥力土壤。高、中、低肥力土壤有效磷和速效钾养分达到丰富水平。高肥力土壤与中肥力土壤耕作层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳、0.25~0.053 mm团聚体含量和Mn2+差异显著,中肥力土壤与低肥力土壤耕作层除全磷和阳离子交换量外,其他指标无显著差异。高、中、低肥力土壤耕作层和犁底层土壤综合肥力指数分别为0.70和0.83、0.42和0.49、0.21和0.26。水稻产量与各土壤肥力指标的逐步回归分析表明,有机碳和全磷对产量的影响最大,耕作层微生物量氮和pH以及犁底层有效磷和全钾对产量影响较小。耕作层土壤有机碳和全磷对产量的影响�To study the fertility characteristics of paddy soil profiles at different fertility levels in typical northeastern counties,clarify the characteristics of high-fertility soils and the key obstacles factors of medium and low-fertility soil in typical northeastern counties,and provide a scientific basis for further improving paddy field fertility and rice yield in this region.Soil samples from 9 soil profiles with different fertilities were collected in paddy fields in 7 townships of Fangzheng County,Heilongjiang province.The thickness,soil bulk density,pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,S^(2-),Mn^(2+),cation exchange capacity(CEC),aggregate composition,microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen,and other indicators of the topsoil and plow layer soil were determined.Comprehensive soil fertility evaluation and stepwise regression analysis between rice yield and soil fertility indicators were carried out to explore the main controlling factors of fertility differences.The result showed that the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,CEC,and Mn^(2+)in soil profiles with different fertility decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth,and all showed the order of high-fertility soils>mediumhigh-fertility soils>low-fertility soils.The high-fertility soils(the yield greater than 10000 kg/hm^(2))in Fangzheng county have a thick tillage layer,low bulk density,rich organic matter content,high total nitrogen content,medium total phosphorus content,and high organic matter,total nitrogen,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in the tillage layer.The tillage layer of mediumfertility soils(the yield between 7500 and 10000 kg/hm^(2))has high organic matter content,medium total nitrogen content and low total phosphorus content.The low-fertility soils(the yield between 5500 and 7500 kg/hm^(2))have thin tillage layers,high soil S^(2-)content,and

关 键 词：东北水稻土 不同肥力水平 综合肥力指数 逐步回归分析 土壤剖面 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]