保水剂对干旱胁迫下雪茄烟叶次生代谢物质及化学成分含量的影响  

Effect of water retention agent on the content of secondary metabolites and chemical composition of cigar leaves

作　　者：李欣燕 邵志晖 王方玲 王俊 阳苇丽[4] 赵铭钦 LI Xin-yan;SHAO Zhi-hui;WANG Fang-ling;WANG Jun;YANG Wei-li;ZHAO Ming-qin(College of Tobacco Science of Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;Zhushan Tobacco Branch of Shiyan City Tobacco Company of Hubei Province,Zhushan Hubei 442200;Deyang City Company of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company,Deyang Sichuan 618400;Dazhou City Company of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company,Dazhou Sichuan 635000)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,河南郑州450002 [2]湖北省十堰市烟草公司竹山烟叶分公司,湖北十堰442200 [3]四川省烟草公司德阳市公司,四川德阳618400 [4]四川省烟草公司达州市公司,四川达州635000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期215-224,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司重大科技攻关项目“四川优质雪茄烟叶区域定位与特色挖掘研究”(NO.scyc201913)。

摘　　要：为研究干旱胁迫下保水剂种类及用量对雪茄烟叶次生代谢物质及化学成分含量的影响,以德雪3号为试材,采用盆栽试验研究了保水剂种类(SAP保水剂、沃特保水剂和自制TS-PAA保水剂)与用量(2、4和6 g·株^(-1))对雪茄烟生长过程中质体色素、多酚、有机酸含量的消长规律及其调制后化学成分含量变化的影响。结果表明,(1)干旱胁迫下施用3种保水剂均能显著增加烟叶中叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量,且有利于烟株前中期叶绿素的快速积累和后期叶绿素的充分降解,以确保烟株适时落黄;(2)生长发育期间绿原酸、芸香苷、莨菪亭含量呈先增加后缓慢降低的趋势,且显著高于对照,说明施加3种保水剂均有利于多酚类物质的积累,能间接提升调制后烟叶的香吃味;(3)在移栽后75 d时,3种保水剂处理下苹果酸、草酸、丙二酸含量均有不同程度的提高,而柠檬酸含量与对照无显著差异;(4)施加3种保水剂均能显著提高总糖、还原糖和钾含量,并降低总氮、烟碱、淀粉和氯含量,进而增加两糖比、糖碱比、钾氯比和氮碱比,使烟叶中化学成分更加均衡协调。不同处理相比较,TS-PAA保水剂和SAP保水剂以施用量为4 g·株~(^(-1)),沃特保水剂以施用量为6 g·株^(-1)时对次生代谢物质积累和烟叶质量改善作用效果最佳。To study the effects of the type and dosage of water retaining agent on the content of secondary metabolites and chemical components in cigar leaves under drought stress,Dexue NO.3 was taken as test material.Pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different kinds of water retaining agents(SAP water-retaining agent,Walter waterretaining agent and self-made TS-PAA water-retaining agent)and dosage(2,4 and 6 g·plant^(-1))on the content fluctuation of plastids pigment,polyphenols and organic acids in cigar growing process,and the content changes of these chemical components after modulation.The results showed that,①The application of three kinds of water retaining agents under drought stress significantly increased the content of chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids in cigar leaves;It is conducive to rapid accumulation of chlorophyll in the early and middle stages of tobacco plant and full degradation in the later stages,so as to ensure to timely fall yellow of cigar leaves.②The contents of chlorogenic acid,rutin and scopoletin increased first and then decreased slowly during growth and development,and were significantly higher than those of the control,indicating that the three water retaining agents were beneficial to the accumulation of polyphenols and could indirectly improve the aroma and taste of cured cigar leaves.③At 75 d after transplanting,compared with the control,the contents of malic acid,oxalic acid,and malonic acid were all increased to varying degrees under the treatment of three water retaining agents,while there was no significant difference for citric acid content.④The application of three water retaining agents significantly increased the contents of total sugar,reduced the contents of sugar and potassium,and decreased the contents of total nitrogen,nicotine,starch and chlorine,and then increased the ratios of two sugars,sugar to base,potassium to chlorine and nitrogen to base,so that the chemical components in cigar leaves tended to be balanced and coordi

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 保水剂 雪茄烟叶 质体色素 化学成分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]