我国核桃主产区果实氮磷钾养分吸收阈值研究  

Study on the absorption threshold of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in walnut fruits in China

作　　者：张静[1] 张兆彤 殷子月 许咏梅[5] ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Zhao-tong;YIN Zi-yue;XU Yong-mei(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Urumqi Meteorological Bureau,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture(Oasis of Northwest China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100101 [4]乌鲁木齐气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [5]新疆农科院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第5期231-239,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区核桃产业体系栽培岗任务(HTCYZJTD 2020-02);农业农村部农业基础性长期性科技工作任务“国家土壤质量阿克苏观测实验站”(NAES098SQ37);自治区林业财政专项“多项生产措施提升核桃种植效益分析”(XJLYKJ-2021-11)。

摘　　要：汇总2000—2019年我国西北、西南、中部和东部沿海4个核桃主产区肥料田间试验数据,整理分析核桃产量、氮磷钾养分吸收等特征数据,探究我国不同区域核桃果实氮、磷、钾养分吸收阈值。利用规划求解方法,拟合不同区域核桃获最高产量时果实氮、磷、钾的养分吸收曲线,计算果实氮磷钾吸收阈值高限。结果表明:(1)东部沿海和中部地区的核桃产量显著高于西南地区,西北与西南地区无显著差异。(2)东部沿海地区的核桃氮、磷、钾养分吸收值最高,西北和中部地区次之,西南地区最低;各区域内部养分吸收规律总体表现为氮素>钾素>磷素。(3)在区域层面上,核桃氮、磷、钾的养分内在效率值由高至低的排序为西南、西北、中部和东部沿海地区;在养分要素层面上,各区域核桃养分内在效率值均为磷>钾>氮。(4)核桃的养分吸收阈值总体排序为东部沿海>西北>西南>中部地区,西北、西南、东部沿海和中部地区的氮磷钾养分最高吸收比例分别为1∶0.65∶0.85、1∶0.83∶0.85、1∶0.76∶1.04和1∶0.55∶0.59。可根据核桃氮磷钾养分最高吸收比例的区域差异指导不同地区的核桃施肥配比,西北地区核桃施肥可适量减钾增氮增磷,中部地区需提高施肥量,西南、东部地区应适量减施。This study explored the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption thresholds and patterns of walnut fruit in different producing areas by summarizing the fertilizer field test data(2000-2019)and organizing the characteristic data of walnut yield and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption in four main walnut producing areas along the northwest,southwest,central and eastern coasts of China.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption curves of walnut fruit were fitted using the programming solution method when walnut achieved the highest yield in different producing areas.Then the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption thresholds of walnut fruit were calculated.The results showed that,(1)The walnut yields in the eastern coastal and central areas were significantly higher than that in the southwest,and there was no significant difference between walnut yields in the northwest and the southwest areas.(2)The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption value of walnut fruit was the highest in the eastern coastal area,followed by the northwest and central areas,and the lowest in the southwest area.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption laws in different producing areas were generally showed as nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus.(3)At the regional level,the values of walnut nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient intrinsic efficiency(IE)were ranked from high to low as the southwest,northwest,central and eastern coastal areas.At the nutrient elements level,the IE in each producing areas was both ranked as phosphorus>pstassium>nitrogen.(4)The general order of walnut nutrient absorption threshold was eastern coastal area>northwest area>southwest area>central area.The highest absorption ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in northwest,southwest,east coast and central area were 1∶0.65∶0.85,1∶0.83∶0.85,1∶0.76∶1.04 and 1∶0.55∶0.59,respectively.The regional differences in the maximum absorption ratios of walnut nitrogen,pho

关 键 词：核桃 养分吸收阈值 规划求解 养分吸收曲线 施肥配比 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]