大型水利水电工程水权制度建设方略初探——基于向家坝水电站的考察  

Preliminary Study on the Strategy of Water Rights System of Large Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project:Based on an Inspection of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station

作　　者：王水平 WANG Shuiping(School of Business,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学商学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《开发研究》2023年第3期28-36,共9页Research On Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“长江上游水权制度建设综合调查与政策优化研究”(19ZDA065);国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国南方流域水权制度建设及政策优化研究”(19BJY078)。

摘　　要：大型水利水电工程是落实国家水安全、水资源开发、区域协调发展等战略的重要载体,但往往存在发电、防洪、航运、灌溉等调水矛盾,以及地方政府之间和部门之间的利益冲突,影响其综合效益发挥。矛盾和冲突产生的根本原因在于制度短板,即水权制度体系不完善、权威性不够、约束刚性不足等。当前及未来一段时期,化解大型水利水电工程治水、管水及调水矛盾,理顺各种利益关系,应遵循“补短板,强监管”的总基调,将思路转移至建设长效制度上来,从弱化矛盾、缓解矛盾、控制矛盾向消解矛盾和管理矛盾层面升级,重点在于构建适用于大型水利水电工程特征的“分配-许可-转让”水权制度体系,以法制化为目标提高制度权威性和执行力,积极吸纳多方利益主体参与,开展库区管理体制创新与改革等。Large water conservancy and hydropower projects are important carriers to implement national strategies such as water security,water resources development,and regional coordinated development.However,there are water dispatching conflicts such as power generation,flood control,shipping,and irrigation,as well as interest conflicts between local governments and departments,which affect the comprehensive benefits.The cause of the contradictions and conflicts lies in the system weakness,that is,the water rights system is not perfect,the authority is insufficient and the constraint is not rigid.At present and in the future,in order to resolve the contradictions of water control,water management and water dispatching of large water conservancy and hydropower projects,and straighten out various interest relations,we should follow the general tone of“reinforcing weak links and strengthening supervision”,transfer the idea to the construction of long-term system,and upgrade from weakening,alleviating and controlling contradictions to resolving and managing contradictions.The key point is to construct the“distribution-permit-transfer”water rights system suitable for the characteristics of large water conservancy and hydropower projects,improve the authority and execution of the system with the goal of legalization,actively absorb the participation of multiple stakeholders,and carry out innovation and reform of the reservoir management system.

关 键 词：大型水利水电工程 向家坝水电站 水权制度 水资源分配 水量调度 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]