中国工业企业资源错配与总量生产率损失关系研究:行业内还是行业间更严重  

Research on the Relationship between Misallocation and Total Productivity Loss of Chinese Industrial Enterprises:Is It More Serious between Industries or within Industries?

作　　者：李苏苏 费俊俊 叶祥松 Li Susu;Fei Junjun;Ye Xiangsong

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学佛山现代服务业研究院,广东省佛山市528100 [2]中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 [3]广州大学经济与统计学院,广东省广州市510006

出　　处：《南方经济》2023年第8期52-71,92,共21页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金常规面上项目“中国企业和城市规模分布异化的政策根源、形成机制与效率评估”(72073038)资助。

摘　　要：中国工业存在较为严重的资源错配问题已经成为学界共识,但资源错配在行业间还是行业内更为严重依旧悬而未决,行业间和行业内错配对总量生产率损失的影响如何也亟需深入了解。文章以Hsieh and Klenow(2009)模型框架为主体,引入Aoki(2008)的研究逻辑,建立一个同时分解行业间和行业内资源错配的分析框架,采用1999—2013年中国工业企业数据库为样本,实证分析了行业间和行业内资源错配对行业TFP以及总量生产率的损失。研究发现:(1)资源错配指数和产出、生产率增长潜力在不同的行业部门间差异较大。在资源错配指数和TFP改善潜力上:重工业>轻工业;高技术型行业>低技术型行业>中等技术型行业;技术密集型行业>劳动密集型行业>资本密集型行业;下游行业>上游行业;垄断性行业>竞争性行业。(2)要素错配降低了工业整体产出或TFP,即使不增加投入,通过有效消除行业间以及行业内企业间的资源配置扭曲,可使得工业产出提高21.5%。(3)资源错配使得工业TFP(对数值)损失了3.79,行业间的效率损失要高于行业内企业间的效率损失,行业间效率损失占总效率损失的53.08%,行业内企业间的效率损失占46.92%。研究明确了行业间与行业内的资源错配对工业总产出损失的影响大小,为中国工业界资源错配的论断提供了微观依据,也为中国工业企业供给侧结构性改革提供了经验证据和理论指导。It has become a consensus in academia that there is a serious problem of resource misallocation in China's industries,but it is still up in the air whether the resource misallocation is more serious between industries or within industries.This paper takes the model framework of Hsieh and Klenow(2009)as the main body and introduces the research logic of Aoki(2008)to establish an analysis framework that simultaneously decomposes inter-industry and intra-industry resource misallocation.We empirically analyze the loss of industry TFP as well as aggregate productivity due to inter-industry and intraindustry resource mismatches.The results show that:(1)resource misallocation index and output and productivity growth potential vary greatly among different industries.In terms of resource mismatch index and TFP improvement potential:heavy industry is higher than light industry;high technology industry is higher than low-tech industry;low-tech industry is higher than medium technology sector;technology-intensive industry is higher than labor-intensive industries;labor-intensive industry is higher than capital intensive industry;downstream industry is higher than upstream industry;monopolistic industry is higher than competitive industry.(2)Factor mismatch reduces the overall industrial output or TFP.Even without increasing input,industrial output can be increased by 21.5%only by effectively eliminating the distortion of resource allocation between industries and within industries.(3)Resource mismatch resulted in a 3.79 loss of industrial TFP(log value),and the efficiency loss between industries was higher than that between enterprises within the industry.The efficiency loss between industries accounted for 53.08%of the total efficiency loss,while the efficiency loss between enterprises within the industry accounted for 46.92%.This paper makes clear the impact of inter-industry and intra-industry resource misallocation on total industrial output loss,which provides a micro basis for the judgment of resource misallocation in

关 键 词：行业间资源错配 行业内资源错配 总量生产率损失 产出缺口 

分 类 号：F421[经济管理—产业经济]