The genus Pythium in Taiwan,China(1)-a synoptic review  

作　　者：Hon-Hing HO 

机构地区：[1]Department of Biology,State University of New York,New Paltz,NY 12561,USA

出　　处：《Frontiers in Biology》2009年第1期15-28,共14页生物学前沿（英文版）

摘　　要：The genus Pythium,with slightly over 280 described species,has been classified traditionally with other filamentous,coenocytic,sporangia-producing fungi as“Phycomyetes”.However,with recent advances in chemical,ultrastructural and molecular studies,Pythium spp.are now considered as“fungus-like organisms”or“pseudo-fungi”and are placed in the Kingdom Chromista or Kingdom Straminopila,distinct from the true fungi of the Kingdom Fungi or Kingdom Mycota.They are widely distributed throughout the world as soil saprophytes or plant pathogens.Because of the warm moist maritime climate,Taiwan,China,is especially rich in Pythium species.To date,48 species of Pythium have been reported from Taiwan,China,with the dominant species being Py.vexans,Py.spinosum,Py.splendens,Py.aphanidermatum,Py.dissotocum and Py.acanthicum.There is no definite geographical distribution of Pythium spp.in Taiwan,China.Twenty nine species of Pythium have proven to be plant pathogens attacking a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants primarily causing pre-and post-emergence seedling damping-off,root rot,stem rot and rotting of fruits,tubers and ginger rhizomes,resulting in serious economic losses.The most important plant pathogenic species include Py.aphanidermatum and Py.Myriotylum,which are most active during the hot and wet summer months;whereas Py.splendens,Py.spinosum,Py.ultimum and Py.irregulare cause the greatest damage in the cool winter.Most Pythium spp.are non-specific pathogens,infecting mainly juvenile or succulent tissues.This review attempts to assess the taxonomic position of the genus Pythium and provide details of the historical development of the study of Pythium as pathogens in Taiwan,China,causing diseases of sugarcane,trees,vegetables,fruits,specialty crops and flowering plants,as well as measures to control these diseases.Of special note is the introduction of the S-H mixture which,when used as soil amendment,effectively controls many soil-borne Pythium diseases during the early stages of plant growth.The divers

关 键 词：Pythiaceae OOMYCETES CHROMISTA Straminolia plant pathogens soil-borne disease saprophytes mycoparasites biodiversity 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]