化肥减量配施油菜籽饼肥对烤烟碳氮代谢及产量的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Rapeseed Cake Fertilizer on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：聂忠扬 祖庆学 林松 张翼飞 李国明 NIE Zhong-yang;ZU Qing-xue;LIN Song;ZHANG Yi-fei;LI Guo-ming(Guiyang Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Kaiyang 550300,Guizhou China;Yuxi Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Yuxi 652800,Yunnan China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司,贵州开阳550300 [2]云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司,云南玉溪652800

出　　处：《亚热带植物科学》2023年第3期210-219,共10页Subtropical Plant Science

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司科技项目[筑烟科(2019)2号]。

摘　　要：为进一步验证有机肥对烟株生长代谢的影响,寻找有机肥施用下化肥减施的最佳比例,以云烟85为试材,研究烟草专用肥930 kg·hm^(-2) (N:P_2O_5:K_2O=10:10:25,CK)、减肥15%+300 kg·hm^(-2)油菜籽饼肥(T1)、减肥30%+300 kg·hm^(-2)油菜籽饼肥(T2)和减肥45%+300kg·hm^(-2)油菜籽饼肥(T3)等4种施肥方式对烟株不同生育时期碳氮代谢酶活性、碳氮积累量以及烤后烟叶的经济状况的影响。与纯施化肥(CK)相比,移栽80 d后,T2处理干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、光合速率、碳含量、碳积累量、氮含量、氮积累量分别提高了5.49%、33.86%、32.79%、23.43%、16.89%、17.09%、11.03%。各处理的烟株淀粉酶和硝酸还原酶活性均随生育时期表现为先升高后降低趋势;移栽20 d,两种酶的活性均表现为CK高于减肥配施油菜籽饼肥处理;移栽35 d后,T1、T2两处理的两种酶活性较CK有显著提升。T1处理烟叶产量最高,但均价及中上等烟叶率显著降低;T2处理产值、均价及中上等烟叶率最高,较CK提高了14.58%、8.94%、6.08%。该研究明确了减肥30%+300 kg·hm^(-2)油菜籽饼肥效果最佳,为维持烟草产量与品质稳定及发展可持续绿色友好型农业提供理论依据。In order to further verify the effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and metabolism of tobacco plants,find the best ratio of chemical fertilizer reduction under organic fertilizer application.Used Yunyan 85 as the experimental material,set up 4 treatments,i.e.CK[special fertilizer for tobacco(N:P2O5:K2O=10:10:25),930 kg·hm^(-2)],T1(reduced chemical fertilizer 15%+300 kg·hm^(-2) rapeseed cake fertilizer),T2(reduced chemical fertilizer 30%+300 kg·hm^(-2) rapeseed cake fertilizer)and T3(reduced chemical fertilizer 45%+300 kg·hm^(-2) rapeseed cake fertilizer),to study the effects of four fertilization methods on the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes,carbon and nitrogen accumulation of tobacco at different growth stages,economic status of tobacco leaves after curing.Compared with pure application of chemical fertilizer(CK),the dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates,carbon contents,carbon accumulation,nitrogen contents and nitrogen accumulation of tobacco leaves with T2 treatment increased by 5.49%,33.86%,32.79%,23.43%,16.89%,17.09%and 11.03%,respectively,after transplanting for 80 days.The activities of amylase and nitrate reductase showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the growth period;After transplanting for 20 days,the activities of both enzymes showed that CK was higher than that in the treatment of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying rapeseed cake fertilizer.After transplanting for 35 days,the two treatments of T1 and T2 were significantly improved compared with CK.The yield of tobacco leaves in T1 treatment was the highest,but the average price and the middle class and superior leaf rate were significantly reduced,and the production value,average price and the middle class and superior leaf rate in T2 treatment were the highest,which were increased by 14.58%,8.94%and 6.08%compared with CK.So reduce chemical fertilizer 30%+300 kg·hm^(-2) rapeseed cake fertilizer had the best effects,to provide a theoretical basis for maintai

关 键 词：化肥减施 油菜籽饼肥 烤烟 碳代谢 氮代谢 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]