有机肥替代化肥对稻谷产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Combinations on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Rice

作　　者：尹阳明 刘琼峰[2] 罗小军 王益凤 申艳群 周峻宇 吴海勇[2] 谷雨[2] YIN Yang-ming;LIU Qiong-feng;LUO Xiao-jun;WANG Yi-feng;SHEN Yan-qun;ZHOU Jun-yu;WU Hai-yong;GU Yu(Shaodong Soil and Fertilizer Station,Shaodong 422800,PRC;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC;Shaodong Jianjialong Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Shaodong 422821,PRC;Shaodong Yangqiao Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Shaodong 422827,PRC)

机构地区：[1]邵东市土壤肥料工作站,湖南邵东422800 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]邵东市简家陇镇农业综合服务中心,湖南邵东422821 [4]邵东市杨桥镇农业综合服务中心,湖南邵东422827

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第7期50-53,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ4411);湖南省土壤肥料研究所所长基金项目(2020tfs102);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2018QN25);邵东市绿色种养循环农业试点项目(2021)。

摘　　要：为了探讨水稻土施用养殖废弃物有机肥的适宜替代比例,采用盆栽试验,研究了等养分条件下化肥配合施用30%、50%、60%、75%、100%的牛粪有机肥和猪粪有机肥对于水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:水稻土施用60%牛粪有机肥+化肥处理的稻谷产量显著高于其他处理,施用50%~100%的猪粪有机肥+化肥处理的稻谷产量显著高于30%猪粪有机肥+化肥处理;30%牛粪有机肥+化肥、30%猪粪有机肥+化肥处理的稻谷全氮含量显著高于其他处理;在等氮量条件下,60%~100%的牛粪有机肥替代化肥、50%~100%的猪粪有机肥替代化肥均有助于水稻对氮素的吸收利用,氮素收获指数和氮素利用效率均有所提高。总体上,土壤有机质与全氮含量丰富的水稻土施用60%的牛粪有机肥或猪粪有机肥替代化肥,有利于提高稻谷产量与氮肥利用率。In order to explore the suitable application ratio of breeding waste as organic fertilizer in paddy soil,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of 30%,50%,60%,75% and 100% cow manure or pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization under equal nutrient conditions.The results showed that the rice yield of 60% cow manure+chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments,and the rice yield of 50%-100% pig manure+chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of 30% pig manure+chemical fertilizer treatment.The total nitrogen content of rice grain in 30% cow manure+chemical fertilizer treatment or in 30% pig manure+chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that in the other treatments.Under the condition of equal nitrogen amount,60%-100% cow manure instead of chemical fertilizer and 50%-100% pig manure instead of chemical fertilizer both facilitated the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by rice,and the nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency were improved.In general,the application of 60% cow manure or pig manure instead of partial chemical fertilizer to paddy soil with rich organic matter and total nitrogen is beneficial to improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：水稻土 替代化肥比例 氮素吸收利用 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]