稻草全量还田下化肥运筹对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Management Accompanying Total Straw Returning on Soil Fertility and Rice Yield

作　　者：石宇 彭华 王静 方浩权 SHI Yu;PENG Hua;WANG Jing;FANG Hao-quan(Xiangxi Prefecture Soil and Fertilizer Station,Jishou 416000,PRC;Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology,Changsha 410125,PRC;Xiangxi Prefecture Agrotechnical Extension Station,Jishou 416000,PRC;Xiangxi Prefecture Tea Industry Development Centre,Jishou 416000,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湘西州土壤肥料工作站,湖南吉首416000 [2]湖南省农业环境生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]湘西州农业技术推广站,湖南吉首416000 [4]湘西州茶叶产业发展中心,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第7期54-56,共3页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2022CX82)。

摘　　要：为了探明稻草与化肥减量配施对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响,通过连续3 a田间定位试验,研究了稻草全量还田条件下化肥运筹(化肥100%、80%、60%、40%)对土壤肥力性状和水稻产量变化特征的影响,以常规施用化肥为对照。结果表明:稻草全量还田能降低土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、提高土壤结构稳定性,提升有机质及速效养分含量,改善土壤理化性状且提高水稻产量;稻草全量还田条件下,随着化肥用量减少,土壤物理性状、pH值、有机质含量变化不明显,但速效养分逐渐下降,水稻产量随之降低;其中,以稻草全量还田配施80%化肥的综合效果最好,土壤容重降低了0.06 g/cm3,有机质增加了2.8 g/kg,产量略有降低,但是差异不显著。因此,综合考虑稻田土壤肥力性状、水稻产量、化肥用量等因素,笔者建议在湘西中稻种植区采用稻草全量还田配施80%化肥的施肥方法。A three-year field positioning experiment was conducted to study the effects of total straw returning to the field accompanying chemical fertilizer reduction(100%,80%,60% and 40% application rate) on the change of soil fertility and rice yield,with the routine chemical fertilizer application as the control.The results showed that total straw returning could reduce soil bulk density,increase soil porosity,improve soil structure stability,increase organic matter and available nutrient contents,improve soil physicochemical properties,and increase rice yield.Under the condition of total straw returning to the field,with the decrease of chemical fertilizer dosage,the soil physical properties,soil pH and soil organic matter content did not change significantly,but the available nutrients gradually decreased,thereby the rice yield accordingly decreased.The effect of total straw returning along with 80% chemical fertilizer application(T3) was the best:the soil bulk density decreased by 0.06 g/cm3,the organic matter increased by 2.8 g/kg,though the yield decreased slightly,no significant difference existed.Comprehensively considering the factors of soil fertility,rice yield and chemical fertlilizer amount,the authors suggest that the total straw returning to the field should be combined with 80%chemical fertilizer amount in the middle-season rice planting area in western Hunan Province.

关 键 词：稻草还田 化肥运筹 水稻 土壤养分 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]