氮气泡沫与压缩空气泡沫在模拟油品储罐多工况下灭火能力对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Extinguishing Capacity of Nitrogen Foam and Compressed Air Foam under Multiple Working Conditions of Storage Tank

作　　者：牟小冬 Mou Xiaodong(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety,Shandong,Qingdao,266104;SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shandong,Qingdao,266104)

机构地区：[1]化学品安全全国重点实验室,山东青岛266104 [2]中石化安全工程研究院有限公司,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《安全、健康和环境》2023年第8期17-23,共7页Safety Health & Environment

摘　　要：通过试验模拟油品储罐在不同液位下,由于爆炸导致储罐罐顶不同开口程度下的火灾情形,对比氮气泡沫与压缩空气泡沫对柴油、120#溶剂油火灾的灭火性能。试验证明:泡沫系统的气源、储罐罐顶开口程度、存储介质及液位高度对灭火难度均有影响,油品挥发性越强灭火难度越大,低液位较高液位更难灭火,罐顶开口程度越小挥发性强的油品灭火难度越大,挥发性差的油品灭火难度越小;在罐顶25%开口、低液位情况下,120#溶剂油灭火难度大幅度提升,由于液位低,且开口小,罐内热积聚严重,对泡沫的热稳定性要求更高,灭火强度要求更高,灭火时间更长,氮气泡沫灭火时间较压缩空气泡沫减少15.3%,证明氮气泡沫热稳定性更强,且破裂后释放氮气的局部窒息作用有所体现。建议针对挥发性强的轻质油品储罐,应增加泡沫供给强度,优选氮气泡沫系统。By simulating the fire situation of oil stor-age tank under different liquid level and different o-pening degree of tank roof caused by explosion,the fire extinguishing performance of nitrogen foam and compressed air foam on diesel oil and 120#solvent oil fire was compared.The test showed that the gas source of the foam system,the degree of tank roof o-pening,different oil products and liquid level all had an impact on the fire extinguishing difficulty.The more volatile the oil,the more difficult it is to extin-guish the fire,the lower the liquid level and the more difficult it is to extinguish the fire,the smaller the o-pening degree of the tank top,the more difficult it is to extinguish the fire of the volatile oil,and the less difficult it is to extinguish the fire of the volatile oil.In the case of 25%open tank top and low liquid lev-el,the difficulty of extinguishing the 120#solvent oil was greatly increased.Due to the low liquid level and small opening,the heat accumulation in the tank was serious,which required higher thermal stability of the foam,higher fire extinguishing strength and longer fire extinguishing time.The fire extinguishing time of nitrogen foam was reduced by 15.3%compared with compressed air foam,which proves that nitrogen foam has stronger thermal stability.And the local asphyxi-ation effect of nitrogen released after rupture is reflec-ted.It is suggested that for volatile light oil storage tanks,the foam supply intensity should be increased,and nitrogen foam system should be preferred.

关 键 词：氮气泡沫 压缩空气泡沫 吸气式泡沫 储罐 灭火 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]