利用EMS诱变创制淮麦33抗赤霉病突变体  

Creation of Huaimai 33 fusarium head blight resistant mutants by EMS mutation

作　　者：杨子博[1] 张勇 刘畅[1] 沈业松 杜莹莹 周羊梅 王安邦[1] 顾正中[1] YANG Zi-bo;ZHANG Yong;LIU Chang;SHEN Ye-song;DU Ying-ying;ZHOU Yang-mei;WANG An-bang;GU Zheng-zhong(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu Province/Huai’an Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biotechnology,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223001,China;Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224049,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所/淮安市农业生物技术重点实验室,江苏淮安223001 [2]盐城市新洋农业试验站,江苏盐城224049

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第4期1010-1017,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(20)3036];淮安市自然科学研究计划项目(HABL202021)。

摘　　要：【目的】创制黄淮麦区抗赤霉病新材料,为该地区抗赤霉病育种提供亲本。【方法】利用甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl Methane Sulfonate,EMS)创制淮麦33突变群体,早代(M2和M3代)采用单花滴注法进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,筛选抗性显著提高的突变体。世代稳定后(M4),对目标材料进行农艺性状和品质性状分析,筛选农艺性状和品质指标符合黄淮麦区育种需求的抗赤霉病新材料。【结果】赤霉病抗性鉴定结果显示,M2代有73份穗行出现抗感分离;M3代进行抗性验证,最终筛选到17份赤霉病抗性明显提高(平均严重度≤3.10)的稳定突变家系,其中8份达到中抗水平(1.45<平均严重度≤2.55),9份为中感水平(2.55<平均严重度≤3.10)。M4代中选突变体农艺性状调查结果显示,有4份株高极显著变矮(P<0.01,下同)、1份单株穗数显著增加(P<0.05,下同)、1份穗粒数极显著增多、8份千粒重极显著增加、2份产量显著提升。品质相关性状鉴定发现,部分材料品质指标与淮麦33差异显著,筛选到2份品质指标显著提升(偏强筋类型)、1份品质指标显著下降(偏弱筋类型)的优异突变体。【结论】以育种应用为出发点,创制出一批赤霉病抗性显著提升且农艺性状符合育种需要的新种质,可作为黄淮麦区抗赤霉病品种选育的亲本材料。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to create new fusarium head blight(FHB)resistant materials in the Huanghuai wheat region,and to provide parents for FHB resistant breeding in this region.【Method】Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)was used to create Huaimai 33 mutant population.FHB resistance identification was carried to screen mutants with significantly increased resistance in early generations(M2 and M3)by single floret drip method.After the generations were stabilized(M4),the target materials were analyzed for agronomic and quality traits,and new FHB resistant materials whose agronomic traits and quality indexes could meet the breeding needs in the Huanghuai wheat region were screened.【Result】The results of FHB resistance identification showed that there were 73 spike rows of M2 generation exhibiting resistance-susceptibility segregation.Resistance verification was conducted in M3 generation,and 17 mutants with greatly improved FHB resistance(average severity≤3.10)were finally screened,8 of which reached the level of moderate resistance(1.45<average severity≤2.55),and 9 of which were at the level of moderate susceptibility(2.55<average severity≤3.10).In M4 generation,the results of agronomic traits survey showed that there were 4 mutants with extremely significant shorter plant height(P<0.01,the same below),1 mutant with significant increase in the number of spikes per plant(P<0.05,the same below),1 mutant with extremely significant increase in the number of kernels in a spike,8 mutants with extremely significant increase in the weight of 1000 grains,and 2 mutants with significant increase in yield.The identification of quality-related traits showed that some materials were significantly different from Huaimai 33,2 excellent mutants with quality indexes significantly improved(strong-glutent type)and 1 excellent mutant with significantly decreased indexes(weak-glutent type)were screened.【Conclusion】With the starting point of breeding application,a number of new germplasms with significantl

关 键 词：小麦 赤霉病 抗病突变体 甲基磺酸乙酯 农艺性状 品质性状 黄淮麦区 

分 类 号：S503.4[农业科学—作物学] S512.1