叶面肥与穗肥互作对稻虾共作水稻抽穗后光合特性、产量性状及稻米品质的影响  

Effects of foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer interaction on photosynthetic characteristics,yield traits and rice quality of rice-shrimp co-cropping after rice panicle pumping

作　　者：李皓轩 朱杰 周勇 李绍秋 吴建伟 杨伟 刘章勇 朱波 LI Hao-xuan;ZHU Jie;ZHOU Yong;LI Shao-qiu;WU Jian-wei;YANG Wei;LIU Zhang-yong;ZHU Bo(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization,Jingzhou,Hubei 434200,China;Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang,Hubei 441000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434200 [2]湖北省襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第4期1095-1105,共11页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870424);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA044)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究稻虾共作模式下叶面肥与穗肥互作对水稻光合生理特性、产量性状和稻米品质的影响,筛选适宜的叶面肥与穗肥配施组合,为稻虾共作模式下水稻的高产优质栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以水稻品种荆香优72号为试验材料,采用双因素[碳氧1号叶面肥处理(F)和穗肥水平(P)]随机区组试验设计,叶面肥设不喷施处理(F0)与喷施处理(F1)2个水平,穗肥设追施复合肥0 kg/ha(P0)、75 kg/ha(P1)和150 kg/ha(P2)3个水平,共6个处理。喷施叶面肥后第7 d测定剑叶SPAD值、酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖含量,水稻成熟后测定产量性状和稻米品质。【结果】喷施碳氧1号叶面肥和穗肥追施复合肥均可不同程度提高水稻剑叶光合能力和抗氧化能力。喷施叶面肥处理较不喷施处理可提高水稻剑叶的SPAD值2.3%~10.5%、可溶性糖含量17.1%~34.5%、二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)活性26.4%~53.6%、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性9.2%~45.1%、过氧化物酶(POD)活性2.2%~7.2%,降低MDA含量16.7%~41.4%,其中,F1P2处理对提高水稻剑叶Rubisco活性和降低MDA含量的效果较好,F1P1处理对提高水稻剑叶SPAD值、可溶性糖含量及SOD和POD活性的效果较好。从产量来看,喷施叶面肥和穗肥追施复合肥均可提高水稻产量,喷施叶面肥后较不喷施处理可使水稻显著增产14.6%~24.5%(P<0.05,下同),其中F1P1处理的每穗实粒数、结实率和水稻产量最高。从品质来看,喷施叶面肥和穗肥追施复合肥均可不同程度改善稻米品质,喷施叶面肥后较不喷施处理可使水稻整精米率提高2.2%~2.5%,稻米垩白粒率降低29.2%~32.4%,稻米垩白度降低7.1%~31.8%,稻米总蛋白含量降低8.6%~9.7%,其中,F1P2处理可显著提高稻米整精米率,F1P1处理可显著降低稻米垩白粒率、垩白度和总蛋白含量。剑叶光合生理指标与水稻产量及稻米品质性状的相关分析结果表明,水稻产量和稻米整精米率与剑叶【Objective】The effects of foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer interaction on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics,yield traits and rice quality of rice under the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode were studied.The appropriate combination of foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was screened to provide reference for the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of rice under the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode.【Method】Taking the rice variety Jingxiangyou 72 as the test material,a two-factor[the foliar fertilizer treatment of Tanyang No.1(F)and panicle fertilizer level(P)]randomized block experimental design was adopted.There were two levels of foliar fertilizer without spraying treatment(F0)and with spraying treatment(F1),and three levels of panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer of 0 kg/ha(P0),75 kg/ha(P1)and 150 kg/ha(P2)for a total of 6 treatments.Leaf SPAD value,enzyme activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and soluble sugar content were determined on day 7 after foliar fertilizer spraying,and yield traits and rice quality were determined after rice maturity.【Result】Spraying the foliar fertilizer of Tanyang No.1 and panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer could improve the photosynthetic function and antioxidant capacity of rice flag leaves to different degrees.Compared with no spraying treatment,foliar fertilizer treatment could increase the SPAD value of rice flag leaves by 2.3%-10.5%,soluble sugar content by 17.1%-34.5%,ribulose diphosphate carboxylase(Rubisco)activity by 26.4%-53.6%,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity by 9.2%-45.1%,peroxidase(POD)activity by 2.2%-7.2%,and reduce MDA content by 16.7%-41.4%.Among that,F1P2 treatment was effective on increasing the Rubisco activity and reducing MDA content of rice flag leaves,and F1P1 treatment was effective on increasing the SPAD value,soluble sugar content,SOD and POD activities of rice flag leaves.From the perspective of yield,spraying foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer could inc

关 键 词：稻虾共作 叶面肥 水稻 光合生理 产量性状 品质 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]