荔枝成花、坐果与现“白点”期和末次秋梢期成熟期的关系研究  

Relationship between flowering rate and fruit set,and the dates of “white millete” appearance and last autumn shoot flush maturation in litchi

作　　者：苏钻贤[1,2] 杨胜男 黄悦 万志远 申济源 陈厚彬 SU Zuanxian;YANG Shengnan;HUANG Yue;WAN Zhiyuan;SHEN Jiyuan;CHEN Houbin(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming 525000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第8期1628-1639,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：粤西特色亚热带水果种质创新与新品种培育技术研究与应用(2021B0707010004);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(荔枝龙眼CARS-32);乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力提升)项目(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90);乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力提升)项目(2023TS-2-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍的最适宜末次秋梢成熟期和现“白点”期,为荔枝控梢促花管理提供生物学指引。【方法】于2009—2021年跟踪调查妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍品种的关键物候期、成花枝率和坐果量,利用箱线图、小提琴图、T检验、Pearson相关等方法对数据的分布、差异显著性和相关性进行分析,并研究荔枝秋梢期、现“白点”期与成花和坐果之间的关系。【结果】4个品种共获得522组数据。桂味等4个品种在10月16—31日末次秋梢成熟、1月15日前现“白点”的植株,成花枝率约90%,成熟期坐果量等级最高;在11月1日后末次秋梢成熟、1月16日后现“白点”的植株,成花枝率多下降到60%以下,且数据波动较大,坐果量等级下降为最低。坐果量与现“白点”期和成花枝率均存在极显著相关性,相关系数分别为-0.51和0.54;成花枝率与现“白点”期以及末次秋梢成熟期均存在极显著负相关性,相关系数分别为-0.59和-0.20。【结论】在广州地区,调控妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍4个品种末次秋梢在10月16—31日成熟,在1月15日前现“白点”,是在复杂农业气象条件下获得高成花和高产量的最可靠策略。【Objective】Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important tropical fruit crop cultivated in more than 20 countries where it plays a crucial role in local economies.The low yielding and the biennial bearing are problems worldwide in litchi production.Shoot control can influence the phenology of last autumn flush maturation and“white millete”appearance,and thereby it is an effective management to improve blossoming and fruit setting in litchi.However there has no consensus on the application time of shoot control.To explore the optimum last autumn flush maturation date and the“white millete”appearance date in Feizixiao,Huaizhi,Guiwei and Nuomici litchi,the experiment was carried out to provide biological guidance for the management of shoot control and flower promotion in litchi.【Methods】A total of 522 sets of data including phenology,flowering rate and fruit production of Guiwei and other varieties were obtained from 2009 to 2021 in the SCAU Main Campus Teaching Research Base.The last autumn flush maturation date was split into three periods:before October 15,from October 16 to October 31 and after November 1.The“white millete”appearance date was split into three periods:before January 15,from January 16 to January 31,and after February 1.The flowering rate was split into:High rank(flowering rate≥ 75%),Medium rank(25% ≤ flowering rate75%) and Low rank(flowering rate25%) to analyze the relationship between flowering rate and the date when late autumn flush matured.The number of fruit was split into:High rank(number of fruit≥ upper quartile),Medium rank(median≤ number of fruitupper quartile) and Low rank(number of fruitmedian)to analyze the relationship between fruit production and the date of“white millete”appearance.The box plots were applied to determine the outliers of the survey data.Data distribution was analyzed using the violin plot.T-test was used to determine whether there were differences between the data groups.The changes in the number of litchi plants from last autumn fl

关 键 词：荔枝 末次秋梢成熟期 现“白点”期 成花枝率 坐果量 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]