水杨酸甲酯缓释调控果园捕食性瓢虫控害效果  

Evaluation of the biocontrol capacity of slow-release methyl salicylate by mediating abundance of predatory ladybirds in orchards

作　　者：吴长兵 肖达[1] 刘飞宇 孙潇然 王杰 王甦[1] 郭晓军[1] 徐庆宣 WU Changbing;XIAO Da;LIU Feiyu;SUN Xiaoran;WANG Jie;WANG Su;GUO Xiaojun;XU Qingxuan(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects,Minis-try of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijng 100097,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei,Chi-na;College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所·农业农村部天敌昆虫重点实验室,北京100097 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434023 [3]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第8期1666-1674,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202118);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-30-3-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用化学信息素调控天敌昆虫是害虫绿色防控的重要措施之一。明确应用新型缓释材料释放水杨酸甲酯对苹果园捕食性瓢虫的调控作用,以及对苹果绣线菊蚜的防治效果。【方法】连续2 a(年)调查了苹果园内苹果绣线菊蚜的种群消长动态以确定水杨酸甲酯的使用时间,处理区采用5×5的布局均匀悬挂水杨酸甲酯PE缓释管防治绣线菊蚜,分别以未做任何防治的果园和化学防治的果园为对照,调查捕食性瓢虫及苹果绣线菊蚜种群发生动态以及检测水杨酸甲酯缓释速率,并使用5种常用聚集度指标参数法分析水杨酸甲酯对捕食性瓢虫及苹果绣线菊蚜空间分布特征的影响。【结果】北京地区苹果园苹果绣线菊蚜的发生高峰期在5月底至6月中旬,在发生高峰期前1周悬挂水杨酸甲酯PE缓释管,处理区内捕食性瓢虫数量显著高于化学防治区,并且显著降低了苹果绣线菊蚜的发生数量;空间分布结果显示苹果绣线菊蚜在各苹果园区内均表现出边缘型聚集分布的特征。此外,研究结果也表明水杨酸甲酯PE缓释管的释放速率约为0.68 g·周^(-1)。【结论】水杨酸甲酯PE缓释管在果园持效期可超过4周,可以提高捕食性瓢虫的种群数量并降低苹果绣线菊蚜的发生数量,最高密度的苹果绣线菊蚜出现在水杨酸甲酯PE缓释管处理园区的边缘。【Objective】Utilizing semiochemicals to mannipulite the foraging behaviors of natural enemy is avital measure to control pests.As a synergistic means,semiochemical solw-release is gradually popularized and applied in biological control management in the modern agricultural green protection system.Methyl salicylate(MeSA),is a kind of semiochemical,which is widerly released in the crops infected by herbivorous insects,and it can also attract ladybirds and other natural enemies from a long distance.As an effective compound,the MeSA is commonly used as an attractant for predatory ladybirds.The study aimed to clarify the regulation effect of the MeSA released by new sustained-release materials on predatory ladybirds and the control effect on the aphid,Aphis citricola in apple orchards.Compared with traditional pesticides,slow-releasing semiochemicals are efficient,non-toxic,non-resistant and harmless to the natural enemies.The slow releasing material is the major factor that affects the pest control effienicy of semiochemical in the field.At present,the main slow-releasing materials include gels,photosensitive compounds and lures,and some products have been commercialized.In our present work,we selected a commercial slow-release lures material,PE tubes,to test its stabilization for longterm slow-release,and whether it can maximize the effect of the MeSA on attracting the natural enemies to control the aphids.【Methods】We consecutively investigated the population dynamics of A.citricola in the apple orchards for two years to determine the use time of the MeSA.In the treatment area,the slow-releasing MeSA PE tubes were suspended evenly in 5 × 5 design.While the orchards without pest control and the orchards with chemical control were used as controls.The population dynamics of the predatory ladybirds and A.citricola were investigated and detected for the release rate of the MeSA.And the effects of the MeSA on the spatial distribution characteristics of the predatory ladybirds and A.citricola were analyzed by five

关 键 词：苹果绣线菊蚜 捕食性瓢虫 水杨酸甲酯 调控作用 空间分布 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]