柑橘轮斑病症状、发病规律及47个柑橘品种的抗性测定  

Symptoms and occurrence regularity of citrus target spot in the field and the resistance determination of 47 citrus varieties

作　　者：陈泉 张文晶 何锦辉 徐嵩琳 郭建伟 CHEN Quan;ZHANG Wenjing;HE Jinhui;XU Songin;GUO Jianwei(Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wanzhou 404155,Chongqing,China;College of Biology and Food Engi-neering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Wanzhou 400401,Chongqing,China;Plant Protection and Fruit Tree Technology Popu-larization Station in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City,Wanzhou 404020,Chongqing,China;Center for Mountain Futures/Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡农业科学院,重庆万州404155 [2]重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院,重庆万州400401 [3]重庆万州植物保护与果树技术推广站,重庆万州404020 [4]中国科学院昆明植物研究所·山地未来研究中心,昆明650201

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第8期1675-1691,共17页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：重庆市教委会科学技术研究项目(KJ202301289858551)资助;重庆市万州区科技计划项目(wzstc-20210211);国家自然科学基金(31860026);重庆三峡农业科学院青年人才项目(Sxnykxy2019001)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查重庆柑橘轮斑病田间症状、发病规律,探究47个柑橘品种对3个省份来源致病菌株的抗性差异。【方法】调查重庆万州柑橘轮斑病田间症状变化和不同情况果园发病时间、发病率及病情指数,采用分离自陕西、湖北、重庆的3个菌株离体接种47个柑橘品种叶片,根据发病率和病斑平均直径评价不同柑橘品种的抗病性。【结果】柑橘轮斑病侵染叶片、枝梢、果实、叶(果)柄、花萼等部位。病斑由内而外为灰白色、棕褐色和深褐色,中央产生“轮纹状”排列的黑色子实体,外缘油渍状,不同柑橘品种和不同生育期叶片病斑有差异;此病1—2月为发病高峰,高海拔区、果园郁闭、树势弱、种植感病品种的果园发病早(12月3日),病情指数均大于其他果园;11—1月,平均高温、平均低温和极端低温越低,发病越重,而2—4月,以上3个气候因子值越高,发病加重;12—4月,雨日、空气湿度和降雨量值越大,发病越重;不同来源菌株对47个品种毒力差异显著(p<0.05),YLSDP80毒力最强,CGDS2毒力中等,WZSS1毒力相对较弱。24个柑橘品种表现为抗病,尤力克柠檬表现感病,其余22个品种对3个省份的菌株抗性表现不一。【结论】田间症状及其发病规律为其诊断和防控奠定了理论基础。避免连片集中种植感病品种;引进22个抗性表现不一的品种接穗时应加强检疫;抗病的24个品种可以与感病的尤力克柠檬间作或者替代严重发病的尤力克柠檬。【Objective】Citrus target spot has been discovered on Citrus unshiu and Fortunella margarita in Shaanxi Province,C.unshiu in Hubei Province,C.reticulata var.ponkan in Hunan Province,as well as C.reticulata var.ponkan,C.limon var.eureka,C.meyerii var.meyer and C.sinensis var.newhall in Chongqing,which has seriously threatened the citrus production in China.Thus,the symptomatic change and occurrence regularity of the target spot in Chongqing were investigated,and the resistance difference of the 47 varieties to 3 strains from C.unshiu in Shanxi,Hubei and C.limon var.eureka in Chongqing were evaluated in this study.【Methods】The symptomatic changes of the target spot on C.limon var.eureka in Wanzhou,Chongqing were investigated by photography.The time of appearance of the typical target spot symptoms,and the incidence and disease index in various orchards under different conditions were also investigated when the disease condition was stable.The leaves of the 47 varieties were inoculated in vitro with the 3 strains.And the virulence of the 3 strains and the resistance of the 47 varieties were analyzed and evaluated based on the incidence and average diameter of disease spots.【Results】After the Citrus trees were infected by Pseudofabraea citricarpar,the symptoms could appeared on the leaves,branches,shoots,fruits,petioles,fruit stalk,and calyx,etc.At the early stage of the disease,the reddish brown spots formed on the leaves,and then they gradually expanded to dark brown round lesions.The disease spots were scattered,and the multiple disease spots would connect to one large spot.The leaf spot was slightly concave,round,oval,fusiform or irregular,and the concave and water stain were more obvious on the young tissues.One side or multiple sides of the lesion could produce tail along the vein.The diameter of the disease spot was mostly 0.2-2.2 cm.The outer edge of the spot on the front of the leaf was oil stained,and then it became dark brown and reddish brown inward,and light white in the center.Most of the bla

关 键 词：柑橘轮斑病 田间症状 发病规律 抗性测定 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学] S436.66[农业科学—园艺学]