柿多倍体育种研究进展  

Research advances and prospects in polyploid breeding of persimmon

作　　者：蒲婷婷 张琦 王艺儒 孙鹏[1] 白玉娥[2] 索玉静[1] 傅建敏[1] PU Tingting;ZHANG Qi;WANG Yiru;SUN Peng;BAI Yu’e;SUO Yujing;FU Jianmin(Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Zhengzhou 450003,Henan,China;College of Forestry,In-ner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所,郑州450003 [2]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第8期1741-1749,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001200)。

摘　　要：柿是中国重要的经济林树种之一,绝大部分栽培品种为六倍体,极少数日本品种为九倍体。通过自然选育或人工创制培育的柿九倍体品种,凭其优良的综合性状表现,展现出极大的利用价值和发展潜力,同时表明多倍体育种是柿创新优异种质、选育突破性良种的重要途径。通过对国内外利用2n配子、体细胞染色体加倍、胚乳培养、原生质体融合等途径诱导柿多倍体的育种研究进展,以及形态学、染色体计数、流式细胞仪法等倍性鉴定方法的应用情况进行综述,总结了近年来柿多倍体育种成果。就目前柿多倍体育种技术中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为其他经济林树种多倍体育种提供有益的启示。Persimmon is one of the important economic forest species in China.Its leaves and fruits contain a large number of active ingredients such as tannins,sugars and phenols,which makes it of great application value and broad development prospect in food,health care,medicine and chemical industry.The majority of persimmon cultivars are hexaploid(2n=6x=90),and a few Japanese cultivars are nonaploid(2n=9x=135),such as Diospyros kaki'Hiratanenashi'and D.kaki'Fukuoka K.1 Gou-Akiou'.The natural or artificial nonaploid varieties of persimmon showed great utilization value and development potential by virtue of their excellent comprehensive traits,which also indicated that ploidy breeding is an important way to create excellent new germplasms and breed breakthrough varieties of persimmon.At present,great progress has been made in the polyploid breeding of persimmon at home and abroad,especially in Japan,which has created an excellent new nonaploid sweet persimmon variety Fukuoka K.1 Gou-Akiou by using 2n gametes.D.kaki'Akiou'tastes like D.kaki'Taishuu',but it is with better coloring and fewer stripes on the fruit surface,the comprehensive quality is better than Taishuu,and it is the best sweet persimmon variety in Japan.Some persimmon varieties can naturally form2n pollen,such as D.kaki'Yamato-gosho'(6.3%),D.kaki'Ama-yotsumizo'(15.5%),and the Japanese sweet persimmon variety D.kaki'Fujiwaragosho'can naturally form a high frequency of 2n eggs.Hybridization with naturally occurring 2n pollen or 2n eggs is expected to produce new nonaploid germplasm.However,due to the influence of environment and genotype,the proportion of 2n gamete is relatively low and it competes with normal pollens,resulting in low efficiency of polyploid induction,which cannot meet the breeding requirements for creating a new germplasm of sweet persimmon with nonaploids.Therefore,a higher proportion of 2n pollens artificially induced by physicochemical methods is expected to improve the efficiency of polyploid breeding.At present,many studies have reported

关 键 词：柿 多倍体育种 2n配子 胚乳培养 倍性鉴定 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]