早熟优质杏新品种中杏3号的选育  

Breeding report of a superior early-maturing apricot cultivar Zhongxing No.3

作　　者：夏乐晗 黄振宇 刘红君 陈龙 陈玉玲[1] XIA Lehan;HUANG Zhenyu;LIU Hongjun;CHEN Long;CHEN Yuling(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;The Forestry Science Research Institute of Puyang Country,Puyang 457100,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]濮阳县林业科学研究所,河南濮阳457100

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第8期1774-1778,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI-08);河南省林木种质资源建设项目(豫财环资[2022] 28号);国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC);河南省科技兴林项目(YLK202212)。

摘　　要：中杏3号是以早金艳为母本、蜜香为父本人工杂交选育而成的早熟优质杏品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量95.80 g,最大单果质量105.80 g;果实较对称,缝合线浅,梗洼中深,果顶微凹,无果顶尖,果皮有茸毛,中厚;果实底色黄色,阳面有红色斑点。果肉橙黄色,肉厚质细,纤维少,汁液多,味甜,芳香浓郁。果核卵圆形,褐色,离核。核仁苦,种仁较饱满。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16.2%,维生素C含量8.26 mg·100 g^(-1),可食率96.30%。新乡地区3月中旬开花,5月下旬果实成熟,11月中旬落叶。树体生长势强,易成花,以短果枝和花束状果枝结果为主,自花结实能力差,需配置授粉树。中杏3号外观美,品质优,早熟,丰产稳产,抗冻能力强,适应性强,适合在河南及周边平原、丘陵、山地等杏栽培区种植。Zhongxing No.3 is a new early-maturing and frost resistant apricot(Prunus armeniaca Lam.) cultivar selected from 186 hybrid seeds from a crossing between Zaojinyan and Mixiang apricot.Zaojinyan apricot was used as the female parent,which is an extremely early-maturing apricot with only 55 days growth periods.Mixiang apricot was used as the male parent,which is a local variety in Henan Province,with sweet kernel and outstanding fruit quality.Zhongxing No.3 apricot was approved by the Approval Committee for Improved Varieties of Forest Tree of Henan Province in December,2021.The fruit shape is near round with attract appearance,and the average fruit weight is 95.80 g,the maximum fruit weight is 105.80 g.The fruit is nearly symmetry,the suture is shallow,the cavity is medium deep,the apex is slightly concave and has no fruit top.The ground color is yellow and the sunny side has red spot at full ripening stage,the fruit surface has villus and the fruit peel is medium thick.The fruit pulp is orange-yellow in color,delicate in texture,with a low fiber content,has balanced sugar/acid ratio and intense fruity aroma.The fruit soluble solids content is 16.2%,the total soluble sugar content is 9.23%,the total acid content is 0.82%,and the vitamin C content is 8.26 mg·100 g^(-1).The fruit stone is ovate,brown and detached from the flesh.Zhongxing No.3 apricot has bitter and plump kernel.The edible rate is 96.3%.The flower buds of Zhongxing No.3 apricot start germinating in early-March,blossoming in mid-March and the flowering period is approximately 7-10 days in Xinxiang,Henan Province.The flower of Zhongxing No.3 apricot is showy,the anther is light yellow with a lot of pollen.The fruit ripening date of Zhongxing No.3 apricot is late May in Xinxiang,Henan province.The leaf buds start germinating in late March and expanding in early April.Trees defoliation starts in earlyNovember.The tree vegetative growth periods are about 220 days.The tree posture of Zhongxing No.3 apricot is spreading and the tree vigor is strong,and it'

关 键 词：杏 新品种 中杏3号 早熟 优质 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]