面向脑机接口的拉普拉斯电极研究综述  

Research Review of Laplacian Electrodes for Brain-computer Interface

作　　者：许敏鹏 张泽旭[1] 蔡雨 郑春厚 陈远方 肖晓琳[1,2] 明东 XU Minpeng;ZHANG Zexu;CAI Yu;ZHENG Chunhou;CHEN Yuanfang;XIAO Xiaolin;MING Dong(Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Beijing Institute of Machinery and Equipment,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学医学工程与转化医学研究院,天津300072 [2]天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院,天津300072 [3]北京机械设备研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《信号处理》2023年第8期1331-1342,共12页Journal of Signal Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62106170,81925020,62122059,62006014);济南市“新高校20条”引进创新团队项目(2021GXRC071)。

摘　　要：脑机接口(Brain-Computer Interface,BCI)是在大脑和计算机之间建立起的一种新型人机交互方式,可应用于军事、医疗、娱乐等方面。因脑电图(Electroencephalogram,EEG)具有较快的时域响应,被广泛应用于脑机接口领域,但由于受到容积导体效应的影响,传导介质会削弱信号特征,在头皮与大脑信号源之间形成空间低通滤波器,导致脑电图空间分辨率较低,难以对大脑活动进行空间定位。而头皮电位经表面拉普拉斯(Surface Laplacian,SL)映射后可增强被测点附近的高空间频率分量,故能提供更多的大脑局部化信息,因此基于同心圆环拉普拉斯电极采集到的脑电信号具有较高的空间分辨率,可改善传统EEG信号空间定位能力差的问题。为厘清现阶段同心圆环拉普拉斯电极在脑电采集领域的应用现状以及发展趋势,本文归纳拉普拉斯电极的设计原理,梳理拉普拉斯电极的技术改进和在脑电采集方面的应用,最后讨论目前存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行展望。Brain-computer Interface(BCI)is a new type of human-computer interaction,which have been used in military,medical,entertainment and other fields.Electroencephalogram(EEG)is widely used for brain-computer interfaces due to its fast response in time-domain.However,EEG has low spatial resolution and is hard to locate the brain source activity,which is because of the volume conductor effect always form a spatial low-pass filter between the scalp and the EEG source and weaken EEG signals.Surface Laplacian(SL)mapping of scalp potential can enhance the high frequency components near the measured points,which can provide more local information of the brain.Therefore,EEG signals that collected from the concentric ring Laplacian electrode has higher spatial resolution,which can improve the poor spatial localization ability of traditional EEG signals.In order to clarify the current application status and development trend of concentric ring Laplacian electrodes in the field of EEG acquisition,this paper has summarized the design principle,technical improvement and Laplacian electrodes’application for EEG acquisition.Furthermore,this paper had discussed the existing problems of Laplacian electrodes and pointed out its future development trend.

关 键 词：脑机接口 同心圆环拉普拉斯电极 脑电图 空间分辨率 脑电采集 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TP212.3[医药卫生—基础医学]