空间碎片减缓“5年规则”的来龙去脉  

Origin and Development of the 5-Year Rule for Space Debris Mitigation

作　　者：段锋[1] DUAN Feng(Military Management College,National Defense University,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]国防大学军事管理学院,北京100091

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2023年第2期51-56,共6页Space Debris Research

摘　　要：1995年美国提出的空间碎片减缓“25年规则”在全球范围内被广泛采纳,但小卫星、大星座的迅速兴起对该规则的实际效果带来很大挑战。2022年9月,独立于白宫、向国会汇报的联邦通信委员会率先发布空间碎片减缓“5年规则”。联邦通信委员会此举维护了其在美国国内空间碎片减缓领域的领先地位。下一步,美国政府行政分支很可能会在新版《美国政府轨道碎片减缓标准做法》中采纳“5年规则”,并利用“5年规则”来引领和塑造空间碎片减缓国际规则。“5年规则”的推出预示着空间碎片减缓规则体系整体上趋于严格,可能将带动主动碎片移除技术、政策、产业的发展。The 25-year rule for space debris mitigation formulated by NASA in 1995 has been adopted by many countries and organizations worldwide.However,the effect of this rule is being seriously challenged by the rising small satellites and mega-constellations.In September 2022,the FCC,independent of the White House,reporting to the Congress,introduced preemptively the 5-year rule for space debris mitigation,and has thus maintained its leadership in the area of space debris mitigation in the US.The executive branch of the US government may adopt the 5-year rule in next US Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices,and so further shape the international rules.The emerging of the 5-year rule indicates that the space debris mitigation rules are becoming more rigorous,in the meantime,it can probably promote the development of the Active Debris Remova(l ADR)technologies,policies as well as the ADR industry.

关 键 词：空间碎片减缓 主动碎片移除 5年规则 25年规则 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]