哈尼梯田稻作传统品种多样性及其变迁  

Diversity and Changes of Traditional Rice Varieties in World Heritage Hani Terraced Fields

作　　者：黄绍文[1] Huang Shaowen

机构地区：[1]红河学院民族文化遗产研究中心

出　　处：《农业考古》2023年第4期50-58,共9页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“哈尼梯田文化景观遗产地乡村振兴战略实施研究”(项目编号:18BMZ068);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“媒介记忆视角下的少数民族文化传承研究--以红河哈尼梯田世界文化景观遗产为例”(项目编号:19YJC860022)

摘　　要：哈尼梯田稻作传统品种多样性是生物多样性的表现。哈尼族在长期的梯田稻作品种改良活动中培育了数百个传统品种,形成资源。但是,自20世纪末期以来,在杂交稻新品种的冲击以及经营梯田产出效益与投入劳动力价值倒挂的影响下,具有生物多样性意义的稻作传统品种正在以惊人的速度消失,哈尼梯田景观遗产地元阳县在20世纪80年代还有200多个传统品种,但目前该县域内仍在种植的传统品种数量不足30个。哈尼梯田稻作传统品种种质资源丧失,导致了品种单一化、抑制病虫害功能下降及生物多样性系统被削弱的态势。这亟待采取措施在哈尼梯田遗产区以农户为基础建立种子资源库,抢救性收集珍稀古老的传统稻作品种,保护好生物多样性,传承好千年梯田农耕生态环境。The diversity of traditional rice varieties in Hani Terrace is a manifestation of biodiversity.Hani people have cultivated hundreds of traditional rice varieties in the long-term rice improvement activities in terraced fields.However,since the end of the 20th century,under the impact of new hybrid rice and the imbalance between the output benefits and input labor in the terrace management,traditional rice varieties with biodiversity significance have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In Yuanyang County,the landscape heritage site of Hani terraced fields,there were more than 200 traditional varieties in the 1980s,but there are less than 30 traditional rice varieties in cultivation.The loss of traditional rice varieties in Hani terrace resulted in the situation of variety singleness,the decline in the function of controlling diseases and pests,and the weakening of biodiversity system.Urgent measures should be taken to establish a seed resource bank based on agricultural information in Hani terrace heritage area to salvage the collection of rare and ancient traditional rice,and protect the millennium terrace farming ecological environment.

关 键 词：哈尼梯田 稻作品种资源 生物多样性 丧失 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]