核主元分析在航天器飞轮自主故障诊断的应用  

Application of kernel principal component analysis in autonomous fault diagnosis for spacecraft flywheel

作　　者：聂小辉 金磊[1] NIE Xiaohui;JIN Lei(School of Aeronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100191

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2023年第8期2119-2128,共10页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

摘　　要：针对在轨航天器执行机构故障诊断研究相对较少、姿态控制系统背景建模相对简单、算法自主性不强等问题,提出一种基于核主元分析(KPCA)的飞轮自主故障诊断方法。建立使用飞轮组的刚体航天器三轴稳定姿态控制系统;在力矩模式和转速模式下分别建立飞轮伺服系统,并给出飞轮常见故障及其模型;在上述模式下分别采集飞轮组输入输出的差值数据,进行同源扩维,通过改进特征向量归一化准则,优化了KPCA统计量法,并建立一种综合指标,通过比对该指标是否超限判断有无故障,减少对单一指标的主观侧重;在经典的贡献图法基础上进行溯源合并,计算综合贡献率,以此定位故障飞轮。仿真结果表明:所提方法能够实现航天器飞轮自主故障诊断,2种模式下,正确率较传统方法分别平均提高约40.94%、22.23%,适用于单点故障、多点故障、轻微故障等多种情况。Aiming at the problems of relatively few studies on actuator fault diagnosis of on orbit spacecraft,relatively simple background modeling for attitude control system and weak algorithm autonomy,an autonomous fault diagnosis method for spacecraft flywheel based on kernel principal component analysis(KPCA)is proposed.Firstly,the three-axis stable attitude control system of rigid spacecraft using flywheel group is established.Secondly,the flywheel servo system is established in torque mode and speed mode,and the common faults and models of flywheel are given.Then,in the above mode,the input and output differential data of flywheel group are collected for homologous dimension expansion.By improving the normalization criterion of eigenvector,the classical KPCA statistical method is optimized,and a comprehensive index is established.By comparing whether the index exceeds the limit to judge whether there is a fault,the subjective focus on a single index is reduced.Finally,based on the classical contribution graph method,the fault flywheels are located by tracing source and merging fault comprehensive contribution rate.Simulation results show that this method can realize autonomous fault diagnosis of spacecraft flywheel,and the accuracy of the two modes increases by an average of about 40.94%and 22.23%compared to traditional methods.It is suitable for single point fault,multi-point fault,and minor fault.

关 键 词：核主元分析 故障诊断 数据驱动方法 航天器 姿态控制系统 飞轮 

分 类 号：V448.22[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TP277[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]