基于生态无砂混凝土护岸的植物抗冲刷性能  

Anti-scouring Performance of Plants Based on EcologicalSandless Concrete Bank Protection

作　　者：张志华 杨晶 汪倩 黄金权[1,2] 邓灵敏 许文盛 ZHANG Zhi-hua;YANG Jing;WANG Qian;HUANG Jin-quan;DENG Ling-min;XU Wen-sheng(Soil and Water Conservation Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Research Center on Mountain Torrent&Geologic Disaster Prevention,Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉430010 [2]水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2023年第8期64-69,共6页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFB129);青年人才托举工程项目(2021QNRC001);长江科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2021446/TB)。

摘　　要：生态无砂混凝土因透水透气性强、可联通水陆域生态环境等优点,已被广泛应用于河道人工生态护岸工程。然而,生态无砂混凝土在满足河道岸坡稳定的同时,在其上生长的植物还需满足一定的抗冲刷能力。为揭示生态无砂混凝土植物壅水机理及降低水流流速效果,探究基于生态无砂混凝土护岸的植物抗冲刷性能,概化设计了室内冲刷试验,通过控制不同流速,分析生态无砂混凝土上生长的不同植物对水位及流速的影响。研究结果表明:受植物高度和易倒伏程度影响,狗牙根植草壅水效果优于马尼拉草皮;受植物密度对水流紊动强度的影响,马尼拉草皮降低水流流速效果优于狗牙根植草;同一断面处,距离植物层越近的区域,植物降低水流流速效果越明显,流速降低率最高达75.24%;马尼拉及狗牙根可承受的水流流速为5 m/s。研究成果可为江河岸坡生态无砂混凝土施工工艺完善及植物选配提供参考。Ecological sandless concrete has been widely used in artificial ecological river bank protection project due to its exceptional properties,such as robust water and air permeability,as well as its ability to connect the water and land ecosystems.Ecological sandless concrete should not only meet the stability requirements of river bank slope,but also have the capacity to withstand erosion for vegetation growth.This study aims to elucidate the mechanism and effectiveness of backwater and flow velocity reduction offered by plants on ecological sandless concrete banks.To achieve this objective,a series of indoor scouring experiments were conducted under controlled varying flow velocities.The impact of different plant species growing on the ecological sandless concrete bank on water levels and flow velocities was examined.The findings demonstrate that cynodon dactylon exhibits superior backwater effects compared to manila grass,primarily due to its greater height and reduced susceptibility to falling.Conversely,manila grass demonstrates better performance in mitigating water velocity than cynodon dactylon,owing to the influence of plant density on the intensity of flow turbulence.Moreover,the reduction in velocity was more evident in sections closer to the plant layer,with a maximum reduction rate of 75.24%.Notably,both manila grass and cynodon dactylon were capable of withstanding water flow velocity of 5 m/s.This study provides valuable insights for enhancing construction techniques and selecting suitable plant species when utilizing ecological sandless concrete for riverbank slope stabilization.

关 键 词：生态护岸 生态无砂混凝土 狗牙根 马尼拉 抗冲刷性能 

分 类 号：TU528.59[建筑科学—建筑技术科学] TV861[水利工程—水利水电工程]