铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧真空蒸硒的研究  

Study on sulfated roasting of copper anode slime and evaporating selenium in vacuum

作　　者：张勇[1,2] 陈为亮[1,2] 王凯徽 李钦[1,2] 何昶浩 廖春发 曾颜亮 ZHANG Yong;CHEN Weiliang;WANG Kaihui;LI Qin;HE Changhao;LIAO Chunfa;ZENG Yanliang(National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming 650093,Yunnan Province,China;Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan Province,China;School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]真空冶金国家工程研究中心,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [3]江西理工大学冶金与化学工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《化学工程》2023年第8期66-71,共6页Chemical Engineering(China)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1802251)。

摘　　要：以脱砷锑铜阳极泥为原料,在真空条件下,研究了硫酸化焙烧蒸硒条件对中硒挥发率的影响和蒸硒反应的动力学,采用XRD(X射线衍射仪)、SEM-EDS(扫描电镜和能谱仪)分析了样品中主要矿物的存在形式和特征。实验结果表明:炉内压强的降低、焙烧温度和酸矿比的提高及焙烧时间的延长均有利于提高硒的挥发率。在炉内压强55 kPa、酸矿质量比0.75、温度673 K、时间15 min的较优条件下,硒的挥发率达到96.48%,蒸硒渣含硒质量分数为0.19%。蒸硒渣中未观察到含硒化合物的特征峰,说明硒挥发得较为彻底,蒸硒渣的元素分布与XRD分析相符合。采用气固相反应的收缩性未反应核模型,在蒸硒温度为613—673 K和焙烧时间10—25 min的范围内,根据硒挥发率和阿累尼乌斯公式计算出铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧真空蒸硒的表观活化能为43.604 kJ/mol,指前因子为17.122,说明蒸硒过程受化学反应控制。Copper anode slime of removing arsenic and antimony was used as raw material to study the effects and kinetics on selenium evaporation during sulfated roasting under vacuum.The existing forms and characteristics of main minerals in the sample were analyzed by XRD(X-ray diffractometer),SEM(scanning electron microscope)and SEM-EDS(energy dispersive spectrometer).The results show that the evaporation ratio of selenium increases with decreasing the chamber pressure,raising the acid-ore ratio and roasting temperature and prolonging the roasting time.Under the optimum conditions of chamber pressure 55 kPa,acid-ore mass ratio 0.75,roasting temperature 673 K,roasting time 15 min,the evaporation ratio of selenium is 96.48%,the selenium mass fraction in residue decreases to 0.19%.No characteristic peak of selenium compounds is observed in steamed selenium slag,indicating that selenium is volatilized thoroughly.and its X-ray elemental distribution diagram of volatilized selenium residue is consistent with XRD analysis.The selenium volatilization rate obtained at the roasting temperature of 613 to 673 K and the roasting time 10 to 25 min is introduced into the shrinking unreacted core model of the gas-solid phase reaction.The apparent activation energy of sulfation and evaporation of selenium in vacuum of copper anode slime is calculated as 43.604 kJ/mol by Arrhenius formula,and the pre-exponential factor is 17.122,indicating that the process of selenium evaporation is controlled by chemical reaction.

关 键 词：铜阳极泥 硫酸化焙烧 真空蒸硒 动力学 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]