中国古代对瞳神认识的发展小史  

Brief History of Development of Ancient Chinese Understanding of Tongshen

作　　者：贺雨婷 宋歌[1] 熊晓玲 HE Yuting;SONG Ge;XIONG Xiaoling(Institute for the History of Chinese Medicine and Medical Literature,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中医基础医学杂志》2023年第8期1246-1249,共4页JOURNAL OF BASIC CHINESE MEDICINE

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目(C12021A00210);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ150524)。

摘　　要：瞳神是人体眼睛的重要生理结构之一。中国古代对瞳神的认识是一个在整体思维影响下逐步发展、深入的过程。唐代以前是古人对瞳神基本认识的形成阶段,《黄帝内经》运用藏象学说阐述了瞳神的基础理论,为后世认识的发展奠定了基础,且瞳神灵性观念影响深远;唐宋时期,中医眼科吸收外来文化中的“轮”模型,融入本土理论而形成的五轮学说,发展了瞳神的理论建构,且此时期对瞳神的视觉功能有更进一步的认知,并发现瞳神可变化大小的生理现象;明清时期,广义瞳神概念被提出,其结构认知更为立体化,同时对瞳神与其他脏腑的关系也有所更新。Tongshen is one of the important physiological and anatomical parts of the eye.In ancient China,understanding of Tongshen is a process that has evolved gradually,affected by holistic thinking.Before the Tang Dynasty,the basic understanding of Tongshen was formed by the ancient Chinese.Inner Canon of Huangdi used the Viscera picture theory to elaborate the basic theory of Tongshen,which laid the foundation for the development of later understanding.And the concept of the spirituality of Tongshen had a profound impact.During the Tang and Song dynasties,the ophthalmology of TCM absorbed the concept of"mandala"from foreign cultures and incorporated it into local theory to form the five orbiculi theory,which developed the theoretical construct of Tongshen.During this period,there was a further understanding about visual function of Tongshen,and TCM practitioners recognized the physiological phenomenon that Tongshen could change size.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the concept of the generalized Tongshen was introduced,with a more three-dimensional structure.At the same time,the relationship between Tongshen and the other internal organs was updated.

关 键 词：瞳神 知识史 整体观念 五轮学说 

分 类 号：R276.7[医药卫生—中医五官科学]