潮州两次西风带龙卷天气过程对比分析  

Comparison and Analysis of the Processes of Two Tornadoes on the Westerlies in Chaozhou,Guangdong

作　　者：张晶晶 黄先香 植江玲 蔡康龙 黄舒婷 顾伯辉 ZHANG Jing-jing;HUANG Xian-xiang;ZHI Jiang-ling;CAI Kang-long;HUANG Shu-ting;GU Bo-hui(Foshan Tornado Research Center,Foshan 528000;China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory,Foshan 528000;Meteorological Bureau of Sanshui District,Foshan,Foshan 528100)

机构地区：[1]佛山市龙卷风研究中心,广东佛山528000 [2]中国气象局龙卷风重点开放实验室,广东佛山528000 [3]佛山市三水区气象局,广东佛山528100

出　　处：《广东气象》2023年第4期11-15,共5页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：广东省科技厅社会发展科技协同创新体系建设专项(2019B020208015);佛山市院士专家工作站项目(2021002);广东省气象局科研项目(GRMC2021Q18);广东省气象局青年基金(GRMC2021Q18);灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2020LASW-A03、2018LASW-B18);佛山市社会领域科技攻关项目(2120001008761)。

摘　　要：利用常规观测和汕头SA型多普勒天气雷达等资料,对比分析广东省潮州市2012年5月13日和2014年5月22日两次西风带系统龙卷过程(简称“5.13”龙卷和“5.22”龙卷)。结果表明:两次龙卷过程都发生在高空槽东移和低层切变线南压、并伴有低空急流的相似天气形势下;但“5.22”龙卷存在有利于强对流风暴发生并增强的前倾槽结构和强低空西南急流。两次龙卷均发生在极低的抬升凝结高度和中等偏弱的深层垂直风切变环境条件下;“上干、下湿”的不稳定层结和整层都具有较大湿度的不稳定层结配置都可能产生龙卷。雷达观测上,“5.13”龙卷发生在飑线的弓形回波前缘,无钩状回波特征和中气旋,属于非超级单体龙卷;而“5.22”龙卷发生在超级单体风暴前部的钩状回波顶端,伴有强中气旋,属于超级单体龙卷。Using conventional observations and the data from an SA-type weather Doppler in Shantou,this work compares and analyzes the processes of two tornadoes that happened in Chaozhou,Guangdong province on May 13,2012 and May 22,2014(to be referred to as“Tornado A”and“Tornado B”respec-tively hereafter).The results are shown as follows.Both tornadoes happened in similar synoptic patterns in which an upper-level trough moved eastward and a low-level shear advanced southward,accompanied by the presence of a low-level jet stream,though Tornado B was with a forward-leaning structure and an intense low-level southwesterly jet stream that were conducive to the genesis and enhancement of severe convective storms.What is common for both tornadoes is that they all happened under the environmental conditions of extremely low heights at which ascending air currents condensed in the company of deep-layer vertical wind shear;it was possible for tornadoes to generate with unstable stratification of dry upper levels versus moist low levels allocated with high humidity and unstable stratification throughout the whole air column.Examined through radar detection,Tornado A was not a supercell storm as it took place on the front edge of an arc-shaped echo of a squall line without any hook-shaped echo or mid-level cyclone,while Tornado B was a su-percell storm as it appeared at the top of a hook-shaped echo in the front of a supercell with an intense mid-level cyclone.

关 键 词：天气学 西风带龙卷 高空槽 环境条件 雷达回波 潮州 

分 类 号：P44[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]