近10年广州市增城区短时强降水的统计特征  

Statistical Characteristics of Short-range Intense Rain in the District of Zengcheng,Guangzhou over the Past Ten Years

作　　者：陆杰英 黄其果 孙丽颖 王伙明 刘振邦 LU Jie-ying;HUANG Qi-guo;SUN Li-yin;WANG Huo-ming;LIU Zhen-bang(Meteorological Bureau of Zengcheng District,Guangzhou,Guangzhou 511300)

机构地区：[1]广州市增城区气象局,广东广州511300

出　　处：《广东气象》2023年第4期16-19,共4页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：广州市气象学会项目“近10年增城区短时强降水特征分析(M202217)”。

摘　　要：利用2011-2021年增城区内41个气象观测站的小时降雨量资料,分析了增城区各镇(街)短时强降水特征以及对影响较大的强降水过程剖析降水特征。结果表明:近10年增城区共发生短时强降水事件6 126站次,年均562.2站次。2019年最多为845站次,2015年最少357站次。高频年份是2016、2017、2019和2020年。短时强降水主要集中在汛期(4-9月),6月是高频月份。午后至傍晚(12:00-20:00)是短时强降水的高峰期,最少出现夜间22:00和21:00。短时强降水总体呈南北部较多中部较少的分布特征,与增城区雨窝点分布情况完全吻合;前汛期高频中心位于中新镇,朱村最少;后汛期高频中心位于派潭镇,朱村最少;朱村是在汛期发生短时强降水最少的镇街。广州增城除暴雨持续时间以及3 h降雨量极值高于郑州,其余各指标极值均低于郑州“7·20”。增城各镇街大部分极端强降水发生在5月份,其次是6和8月;且2020年概率最高。Using the data of hourly rainfall amount from 41 meteorological observation stations within the district of Zengcheng,Guangzhou for the years from 2011 to 2021,this work analyzes the characteristics of short-range intense rain(to be abbreviated as the“SI-rain”hereafter)for all towns(communities)and examines the characteristics of some rain processes with important effects in the years studied.The results are shown as follows.For the ten years studied,there are a total of 6126 observation sites(times)of the SI-rain in Zengcheng,with an annual average of 562.2 observation sites(times).2019 is the year with the most sites(times),845,and 2015 the year with the least,357.2016,2017,2019 and 2020 are the years with high frequencies of the SI-rain.The SI-rain mainly occurs in the raining seasons(from April to Septem-ber)with June being the month of high frequency.The SI-rain happens most frequently from post-midday hours to the time around sunset(12:00 to 20:00),and least frequently at 22:00 and 21:00 respectively.Generally,there is more SI-rain in the north and south than in the central part of the district,a distribution that completely matches that of heavy rain cores where extremely intense rain pours frequently.For the April-June raining season,the rain core is located at the town of Zhongxin,and for the July-September raining sea-son,it is at the town of Paitan,with Zhucun being the town of least occurrence of the SI-rain in both sea-sons.Compared to an unusually heavy rain that happened in Zhenzhou,Henan province on July 20,2021 which caused 292 deaths and 50 missing,the SI-rain in Zengcheng is higher in the extremes of rain duration and 3-h rain amount but lower in all other extremes.For Zengcheng,most of the extremely intense rains take place in May,followed in turn by June and August,and 2020 is the year with the highest frequency.

关 键 词：气候学 短时强降水 时空分布 暴雨中心 增城区 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]