生计资本对退捕渔民家庭收入质量的影响研究——以湖南省退捕渔民为例  

The impacts of livelihood capital on the income quality of fishermen withdrawing from fishing:A case study of Hunan fishermen

作　　者：高小玲[1] 孙晓瑜 GAO Xiao-ling;SUN Xiao-yu(School of Economics and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第3期501-512,共12页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJA790017);上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题(2020BGL033);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46)。

摘　　要：长江“十年禁捕”政策是贯彻“生态优先,绿色发展”理念的重要举措。渔民作为禁捕政策的最终执行者和最重要利益主体,退捕后的收入保障直接关系着禁捕政策的顺利推进。本文基于可持续生计理论,利用湖南省11个县区市渔民实地调研数据,运用OLS模型和中介效应模型,分析生计资本差异对家庭收入质量的影响及其作用机制,探讨影响效应在渔民间的异质性。结果表明,渔民生计资本原始积累方面,社会、人力、物质和金融资本处于较好水平,均值分别为1.57、1.54、1.51和1.50,自然资本水平相对较低,均值仅为1.06;退捕后渔户收入明显下降,年均收入由退捕前的10.31万元跌至6.43万元,而且渔户间收入差距加大,渔民家庭年均收入最高与最低分位区间的比值由退捕前的4上升至8。人力、物质、金融和社会资本均对收入质量影响显著,其中人力资本影响最大。人力、社会和物质资本存量增强渔民转产就业的积极性,金融资本虽然正向决定收入质量,但一定程度上会抑制渔民的再就业努力。另外,公共事务参与度、土地生产资料分别对收入充足性、结构性的促进作用最强;政府补贴支持对收入持续性和知识性的正向作用最大;信息资源获取便捷性对收入成本的负向作用最显著,而且生计资本对家庭收入质量的影响存在年龄异质性。由此,提出落实各项惠农政策、禁捕资金重点投放、加大乡村“能人”扶持和基于渔民年龄分类施策等建议。The ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River is an important measure to implement the concept of"ecological priority and green development".As the ultimate implementer and the most important beneficiary of the fishing ban policy,the income security of fishermen after withdrawing from fishing is directly related to the smooth promotion of the policy.Based on the sustainable livelihood theory and a field research data in 11 counties and cities in Hunan Province,this paper analyzed the impacts of livelihood capital on household income quality and its mechanism of action and explored the heterogeneity of the impacts among fishermen by the OLS model and the mediating effect model.Results show that in terms of the original accumulation of fishermen's livelihood capital,social capital,human capital,physical capital,and financial capital were at a better level with averages of 1.57,1.54,1.51 and 1.50,respectively.While the level of natural capital was relatively low with an average of only 1.06.The income of fishermen dropped significantly after the withdrawal,with the average annual income falling from 103100 yuan before the withdrawal to 64300 yuan.Moreover,the income gap between fishing households increased,with the ratio between the highest and lowest quartile of the average annual income of fishermen rising to 8 from 4 before the withdrawal.Human,physical,financial,and social capital all had significant positive impacts on income quality with human capital having the greatest impact.Although financial capital positively determined the income quality,it inhibited fishermen's employment efforts to a certain extent.In addition,participation in public affairs and land production materials had the strongest contribution to income adequacy and income structure,respectively.Government subsidy support had the greatest positive effect on income sustainability and knowledge.Ease of access to information resources had the most significant negative effect on the cost of income.For fishermen at different ages,the impacts of liv

关 键 词：收入质量 生计资本 就业行为 退捕渔民 十年禁渔 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]