不同栽培介质对鱼腥草农艺性状及食用品质的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Paterns on Agronomic Traits and Edible Quality of Houttuynia cordata

作　　者：齐帅 尹冬梅 查凌雁 彭勇政[3] 杜昊轩 黄丹枫[3] 周燕华[1] Qi Shuai;Yin Dongmei;Zha Lingyan;Peng Yongzheng;Du Haoxuan;Huang Danfeng;Zhou Yanhua(Department of Intelligent Agricultural Engineering,Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Shanghai,201699;College of Ecology and Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai,201418;School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240)

机构地区：[1]上海农林职业技术学院智慧农业工程系,上海201699 [2]上海应用技术大学生态与工程学院,上海201418 [3]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2023年第16期5445-5457,共13页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31701963);上海市科技兴农项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00756);上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科创字(2019)第2-3号);上海应用技术大学中青年教师科技人才发展基金项目(ZQ2021-21);上海市科学技术委员会课题(20392001300)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了探究鱼腥草无土栽培的可行性及筛选合适的无土栽培介质,本研究比较了土壤、全沙、泥炭和营养液水培4种栽培介质对鱼腥草农艺性状及相关食用品质的影响。结果表明:土壤栽培下鱼腥草的维生素C(Vc)和叶绿素含量最高;全沙栽培下总蛋白与可溶性糖含量最高,叶片最宽;泥炭栽培下总黄酮含量最高,且地下茎最粗;水培方式下,鱼腥草的株高、分株数、二级分枝数、节间长度、地下茎粗、地上及地下部分质量的表现最佳。通过聚类分析对不同介质进行划分,可将栽培介质分为水培与3种固体介质两大类。相关性分析显示,营养元素丰富及孔隙度高的固体介质有利于总黄酮的积累,蛋白质和可溶性糖含量与固体介质的土壤酸碱度和容重有一定正相关,Vc和总叶绿素含量与固体介质的气水比有一定正相关。通过主成分分析对21个指标进行建模,前6个主成分叠加信息共占全部信息的88.271%。其中水培鱼腥草的综合得分最高,其产量与生长发育明显优于其他3种固体栽培介质,但营养价值无显著优势。综上所述,鱼腥草适合无土栽培,且水培鱼腥草的生长发育及生理品质最优,其次为全沙栽培。此研究为鱼腥草无土栽培的可行性提供了理论依据。To explore the feasibility of the soilless culture of Houttuynia cordata and select a suitable soilless culture medium,the effects of soil,total sand,peat and nutrient solution hydroponics on agronomic traits and related edible qualities of Houttuynia cordata were compared.The results showed that the contents of vitamin C and chlorophyll in Houttuynia cordata were the highest under soil cultivation;the contents of total protein and soluble sugar were the highest and the leaves were the widest under the whole sand culture;peat culture had the highest content of total flavonoids and the thickest rhizomes;under hydroponics,plant height of Houttuynia cordata,number of plants,number of secondary branches,internode length,underground stem diameter,and quality of aboveground and underground parts of Houttuynia cordata were the best.The different media could be divided into hydroponics and three kinds of solid media by cluster analysis.Correlation analysis showed that a solid medium with rich nutrient elements and high porosity was beneficial to the accumulation of total flavonoids,protein and soluble sugar contents were positively correlated with pH and bulk density of the solid medium,Vc and total chlorophyll contents were positively correlated with the gas-water ratio of solid medium.The 21 indicators were modeled by principal component analysis,and the superposition information of the first 6 principal components accounted for 88.271% of the total information.Hydroponic Houttuynia cordata had the highest comprehensive score,and its yield,growth and development were better than the other three solid culture media,but there was no significant advantage in nutritional value.In conclusion,Houttuynia cordata was suitable for soilless cultivation,and hydroponics had the best growth,development and physiological quality,followed by full-sand cultivation.This study provided a theoretical basis for the feasibility of soilless cultivation of Houttuynia cordata.

关 键 词：无土栽培 鱼腥草 食用品质差异 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]