沂南县典型设施蔬菜施肥现状调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Fertilization Status of Typical Protected Vegetables in Yinan County

作　　者：仲子文[1] 邵鹏 井永苹[1] 徐建玲 刘兆东 曹学东 李彦[1] 张英鹏[1] ZHONG Ziwen;SHAO Peng;JING Yongping;XU Jianling;LIU Zhaodong;CAO Xuedong;LI Yan;ZHANG Yingpeng(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management,Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention,Shandong Prvovincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yinan County,Linyi 276300,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东省农业面源污染防控重点实验室,山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [2]沂南县农业技术推广中心,山东临沂276300

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2023年第8期103-110,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010801);沂蒙创新领军人才岗位项目(创新平台类)。

摘　　要：为明确山东沂南地区典型设施蔬菜的施肥现状及存在问题,以沂南县辛集镇、大庄镇、张庄镇、依汶镇、界湖街道、苏村镇和砖埠镇为调查区域,采用问卷调研和田间取样的方法,对设施番茄和黄瓜产量及施肥情况进行调查分析。结果显示,日光温室黄瓜平均产量是塑料大棚黄瓜平均产量的1.58倍,设施黄瓜产量要明显高于设施番茄的产量;塑料大棚黄瓜、日光温室黄瓜和日光温室番茄的N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O平均投入量分别为玉米的2.85~4.68、5.10~8.54倍和5.90~10.02倍;且塑料大棚黄瓜、日光温室黄瓜和日光温室番茄的N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O投入量分别是需求量的1.46~2.41、3.36~7.03、0.92~1.35倍。氮磷钾养分供应比例与蔬菜需求比例不匹配,钾元素相对平衡,而氮磷明显供应比例过高;同种蔬菜在相同种植方式下,不同区域之间氮磷钾养分投入量差异明显;基肥和追肥的养分占比不合理,基肥比例过高,尤其基施有机肥的养分占比超过了60%。因此,建议农户减少氮磷肥的投入,适当降低基肥中的有机肥占比,适当提高化肥追施的比例,根据蔬菜的种类和生育期选择适合的化肥种类。In order to clarify the current situation and existing problems of fertilization of typical protected vegetables in Yinan County,Xinji Town,Dazhuang Town,Zhangzhuang Town,Yiwen Town,Jiehu Street,Sucun Town and Zhuangbu Town were taken as the survey areas,and the yield and fertilization of protected tomatoes and cucumbers were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire and field sampling.The results showed that the average yield of solar greenhouse cucumber was 1.58 times that of archedgreenhouse cucumber,and the yield of greenhouse cucumber was significantly higher than that of greenhouse tomato;The average inputs of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O in plastic greenhouse cucumber,solar greenhouse cucumber,and solar greenhouse tomato were 2.85-4.68,5.10-8.54,and 5.90-10.02 times that of corn,respectively;And the N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O inputs of plastic greenhouse cucumber,solar greenhouse cucumber,and solar greenhouse tomato were 1.46 to 2.41,3.36 to 7.03,and 0.92 to 1.35 times the demand,respectively.The proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient supply does not match the proportion of vegetable demand,and potassium is relatively balanced,while the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus is significantly too high;Under the same planting method,there is a significant difference in nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient input between different regions for the same type of vegetable;The proportion of nutrients of base fertilizer and top dressing is unreasonable,and the proportion of base fertilizer is too high,especially the proportion of nutrients of base Manure exceeds 60%.Therefore,it is recommended that farmers reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,appropriately reduce the proportion of manure in the base fertilizer,appropriately increase the proportion of chemical fertilizer topdressing,and select the appropriate chemical fertilizer according to the type and growth period of vegetables.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 施肥现状 氮磷钾 养分投入 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]