数据驱动型并购中隐私风险之反垄断规制的逻辑基础及路径选择  

Logical Basis and Pathways for Antitrust Regulation of Privacy in Data-driven Merger and Acquisition

作　　者：魏增产[1] 李衍宣 杨铠先 WEI Zengchan;LI Yanxuan;YANG Kaixian(School of Humanities and Law,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期623-633,共11页Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“矿业与钢铁行业境外发展中的法律风险及其防范机制研究”(编号:FRF-IPPE-2101)。

摘　　要：数字经济时代下,数据资产日益成为平台形成竞争优势的关键要素。因此,平台企业的合并多以获取数据资源及占据数据优势为主要商业目的。在数据驱动型的经营者集中频发而反垄断法的适用受制于传统的价格导向时,集中行为中的非价格竞争维度愈发受到学界重视。当前,在互联网免费经济模式下,数据资源与竞争行为建立了内生逻辑联系。然而,数据驱动型并购中的限制竞争行为却基于这一联系严重威胁消费者隐私安全,例如企业调整隐私政策导致隐私保护水平降低、企业建筑数据壁垒对用户实施歧视行为等。可见,反垄断法关注隐私威胁并不是对反垄断法规内在机理的颠覆,而是在新环境下丰富市场规制与消费者权益保护的层次,将隐私保护视为反垄断审查的新型非价格竞争因素合理且必要。关于在反垄断框架下如何认定隐私因素,欧盟的实务裁判结果与美国、日本的官方态度均具有借鉴意义。现代化社会面临的问题日趋复杂,在通过精细化分工制定专门法的同时,也需要部门法的共同着力。针对隐私与集中行为的交叉,我国于2022年8月1日起正式施行的新修《反垄断法》并未作出明确回应,在今后的立法与司法工作中应对此予以重视。在反垄断立法与解释上,应当革新消费者福利的内涵,明晰审查隐私的前提条件,并与其他部门法建立科学的衔接关系。在司法实务上,反垄断执法机构则可以考虑采取确定隐私评估基准、引入SSNDPP(小而显著的非暂时性隐私保护水平下降)等分析范式、设计配套监管方案等措施。可见,反垄断法与隐私保护的融通并非简单的制度拼接,而是数字经济时代下多层保护机制的现代交汇。In the era of digital economy,data resources are increasingly becoming key elements for platforms to form competitive advantages.Therefore,most of the mergers of platform companies are aimed at acquiring data resources and obtaining data advantages.The concentration of data-driven operators is becoming more and more common,but there are limitations to the application of the traditional price-oriented theory of antitrust law.Accordingly,the non-price factors in the concentration behavior are gaining more and more attention from educational circles.Currently,under the free business model,data resources are logically linked to competitive behavior.However,restrictive competitive behaviors in data-driven mergers and acquisitions threaten consumers’privacy security,such as companies adjusting their privacy policies resulting in the reduction of the level of privacy protection,and enterprises building data barriers to discriminate against users,and so on.Thus,the regulation of privacy issues by antitrust law is not a subversion of antitrust law,but rather a more comprehensive protection of consumer rights.In other words,it is reasonable and necessary to consider the level of privacy protection as a new type of non-price competitive factor for antitrust review.The judicial decisions of the EU and the official attitudes of the US and Japan are of interest in the determination of privacy effects under the antitrust framework.The problems faced by modern society are becoming increasingly complex,and while special laws are developed through a refined division of labor,department laws also need to work together to maintain market order and protect the rights and interests of consumers.In the face of the intersection of privacy and concentration control of operators,China’s newly revised anti-monopoly law,which came into force on August 1,2022,does not provide a clear response.Therefore,more attention should be paid to this in future legislative and judicial work.In the legislation,we should innovate the connotation of co

关 键 词：隐私保护 反垄断法 数据驱动型经营者集中 非价格竞争因素 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]