多沙河流水库支流拦门沙长效防治方法研究  

Long-term prevention and control method of tributary sand bars in sandy river reservoirs

作　　者：杨晨 刘福平 李超群 耿明全 刘颖 刘松霖 YANG Chen;LIU Fuping;LI Chaoqun;GENG Mingquan;LIU Ying;LIU Songin(Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Henan Bureau,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学黄河流域水资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,郑州450046 [2]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450003 [3]黄河水利委员会河南黄河河务局,郑州450003

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2023年第8期51-60,共10页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFC3200402);河南省科技攻关项目(232102321107);水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室开放基金(2022-SYSJJ-09)。

摘　　要：多沙河流水库内的支流口门处常形成拦门沙,影响水库功能的正常发挥,至今尚无有效的治理方法。为此,本文提出了基于移动导流桩柱的水库支流拦门沙长效预防和整治方法,并通过水槽模型试验验证了其应用效果。试验结果表明:当无防治措施时,多沙河流水库会在支流口门处形成不同程度的拦门沙,其发育速度与干流水沙流量正相关,拦门沙横断面表现为平行抬升,纵断面表现为“倒V”形态,拦门沙顶点形成于交汇区最大浑浊带区域,且随着干流水沙流量的增加向支流内部推进;当添加了防治措施后,在干流高水位时关闭豁口使得大部分泥沙在阻水墙外侧落淤,阻水墙内侧相对于外侧淤积高度降低了49%;在干流低水位时开启豁口使支流蓄的水通过导流墙“束水”冲刷拦门沙,使其上部形成稳定的冲沟,冲沟底部最大淤积高度仅为0.1 cm,实现了水库干流与支流的连通,达到水库拦门沙长效防治的效果。本方法机理明晰、成本低廉、操作灵活、效果持久,有望成为多沙河流水库支流拦门沙长效防治的新型技术手段。Sand bars often form at the mouth of the tributaries into a sandy river reservoir.They affect the normal functions of the reservoir,but no effective treatment method is available so far.This paper presents a long-term prevention and control method of these sand bars that is based on mobile diversion piles and verified by flume model experiments.The results show that in the case of no control measure,a sand bar forms in the tributary mouth,and develops at a speed proportional to the flow and sediment discharge in the mainstream.Its cross section shows a parallel uplift,its vertical profile takes an inverted V shape,and its highest elevation is formed in the highest turbidity zone of the intersection area.After the control piles are installed,the opening of a water barrier is closed during the high mainstream water level,so as to make most of the sediment settle down and deposit outside the barrier.In the low water level period,the opening is activated to make the water body already stored in the tributary flow through a narrow passage between two diverting walls,and to allow this flow to scour the sand bar so as to form a stable gully at its upper surface and supply as a connection of the main stream to the tributary.Our model experiments show this method can achieve the effect of long-term prevention and control of the sand bar.The method features a clear mechanism,low cost,flexible operation,and lasting effect,so its further improvement could lead to a new practical technology for long-term prevention and control of sand bars.

关 键 词：多沙河流水库 支流 拦门沙 长效防治 移动导流桩柱 水沙调控 河流动力学 

分 类 号：TV145.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]