社会工作如何创新社区就业服务?——基于公益创业框架的个案研究  

How Can Social Work Innovate Community Employment Services?:A Case Study Based on the Framework of Social Entrepreneurship

作　　者：贺霞旭[1] 黎藜 HE Xiaxu;LI Li

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学社会工作研究中心,广州510641

出　　处：《社会工作》2023年第4期89-103,109,110,共17页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“社区营造视野下社区参与的路径研究”(项目编号:GD19YSH03)。

摘　　要：提供就业援助是社会工作者解决困境人士经济困难的重要服务内容,服务创新是提高就业效率的必要方式之一。本文选取了一项2011年至今仍在持续推进的成功就业服务案例,从公益创业角度来梳理社会工作解决社区残障人士和困境妇女就业的创新经验。本文将社会工作开展的就业服务划分为就业融合—创收—创业—创新四个相继发展阶段,并从商业意识、商业技巧和商业知识三个维度构建了社会工作服务的公益创业框架。具体而言,商业意识方面表现为战略、流程和财务,商业技巧方面分别是双市场拓展、资源获取与整合、风险管理,商业知识为理论和实践知识。其中,公益创业中的商业意识和商业技巧分别融入就业服务的创收、创业和创新过程,社会工作者也在公益创业实践中不断积累商业知识。本案例经验能为试图走公益创业之路和提升就业服务成效的社会工作者提供一定的实践启发。Providing employment assistance is an important service for social workers to solve the economic difficulties of those in need.Service innovation is one of the necessary ways to improve employment efficiency.This paper selected a successful employment service case that had been continuously promoted since 2011.From the perspective of social entrepreneurship,the innovative experiences of social work in solving the employment of persons with disabilities and women in a dilemma were summarized.Social work organizations had undertaken the project of government purchase social work services and provided professional services to residents within the jurisdiction of the urban subdistrict.The main service’groups were women who had suffered domestic violence,or breast cancer survivors,and people with deaf and mute disabilities,people with intellectual disabilities,or people with physical disabilities and so on.They hoped social workers could solve their financial difficulties.From 2012 to 2021,the employment service of social work experienced four successive development stages,Integration employment-Revenue generation-Entrepreneurship-Innovation.During the period of integrated employment,social workers set up a special service of flexible handicraft workshops.Women in distress led persons with disabilities to package and make simple handicrafts such as folding cartons in order to earn some money.In the handicraft workshop,they had harmonious relations and a high degree of tacit cooperation.However,manual work for a long time might lead to physical strain.The handicraft work which was assigned from the enterprises was random.When there were no assign orders,they had no work to do.Therefore,social workers set up street vending stalls,and employment services entered the period of revenue generation.The women who were cultivated by social workers became leaders.They led employable people with disabilities to sell idle social donations and self-made products.Most of the street vending income was used as personal subsidies fo

关 键 词：公益创业 社区就业 服务创新 困境人士 社会企业 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]