快速城市化地区饮用水源水质长期变化特征分析--以深圳水库(1991-2018年)为例  

Long-term Characteristics of Drinking Water Quality in Rapidly Urbanization Area:A case study in Shenzhen reservoir(1991-2018)

作　　者：张利萍 ZHANG Liping(Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518001,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市水务规划设计院股份有限公司,深圳518001

出　　处：《广东水利水电》2023年第8期31-35,共5页Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(NSFC-广东大数据科学中心项目)(编号:No.U1911205)。

摘　　要：针对快速城市化地区饮用水源保护问题,以深圳水库近30 a水质监测数据为基础,探讨了其长期变化特征,研究结果表明:①1991—2018年间,深圳水库主要水质指标浓度呈现逐步下降的趋势,除了在1996—2002年间营养盐和大肠菌群等指标略有超标外,总体维持在较好的水平,这与当地重视水环境保护,实施了入库水质净化工程、沿线引水渠道密闭工程、水源涵养林改造工程和入库支流初期雨水控制工程等重点项目,并取得良好的环境效益密切相关;②综合评价也表明,除了2000—2002年3个年度水质指标为良外,其他25 a的水质指标均达到优水平。在影响水污染综合指标的各因子中,营养元素TN和TP的贡献达到33.1%~67.5%,是影响水环境质量最为重要的因素;DO、BOD_(5)、COD_(Cr)、石油类和大肠菌群在局部年份具有一定的影响;而氟化物和痕量污染物(挥发酚、氰化物和重金属等)占比相对较小。The protection of drinking water is a crisis problem in rapidly urbanized areas.The study analyzed the evolution characteristics based on Shenzhen Reservoir's water quality monitoring data for almost 30 years.The results showed that:①The concentration of main water quality parameters of Shenzhen Reservoir showed a gradual downward trend during 1991~2018.Except that the parameters such as nutrients and coliform group slightly exceeded the standard of the Level III(GB3838—2002)from 1996 to 2002,they were generally maintained at a reasonable level for most parameters in the other years.The local government has paid great attention to water environment protection in recent decades.Four important projects have achieved excellent environmental benefits.②The comprehensive evaluation of water quality also showed that except for the three annual water quality indexes from 2000 to 2002,the water quality indexes over the other 25 years had reached an excellent level.Among 16 parameters related to the comprehensive index of water pollution(CIWP),the contribution of TN and TP was the highest and reached 33.1%~67.5%.The parameters of DO,BOD_(5),COD_(Cr),petroleum,and coliform only have a considered impact on CIWP in some years.The concentration of fluoride and trace pollutants(volatile phenol,cyanide,and heavy metals)on WPI was relatively small.

关 键 词：快速城市化 饮用水源 水污染综合指数 深圳水库 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]