新疆博格达山南坡植物群落表土花粉类型组合及其生态启示  

Surface pollen assemblages and their ecological significance on the south slope of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang,China

作　　者：姚付龙 吴冬瑾 黄健 唐国乾 刘海军 杨海军 YAO Fulong;WU Dongjin;HUANG Jian;TANG Guoqian;LIU Haijun;YANG Haijun(College of Biology and Geographic Sciences/Institute of Resources and Ecology,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院/资源与生态研究所,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第8期1902-1910,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41961013);伊犁师范大学科研项目(2022YSZD006);自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01C338)资助。

摘　　要：以博格达山南坡57个表土花粉样品为代表,对比野外植被调查结果,借助数量生态学方法,探讨该区表土花粉类型组合与现代植被的关系及其生态启示。主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)将表土花粉样品沿海拔自下而上分为灌木荒漠、半灌木荒漠、山地草原、山地草甸草原、高山草甸5个植被带,与之对应的花粉类型组合为:麻黄属(Ephedra)-藜科(Chenopodiaceae)-白刺属(Nitraria)、藜科-蒿属(Artemisia)、禾本科(Gramineae)-藜科-蒿属、禾本科-藜科-蒿属-菊科(Compositae)-莎草科(Cyperaceae)、莎草科-藜科-禾本科-菊科-蔷薇科(Rosaceae)。弱化藜科、蒿属对其他植被带的影响,表土花粉类型组合较好地响应了植被分布现状。基于PCA的花粉组合类型还指示了土壤及环境的干湿状况。藜科、禾本科、蒿属、莎草科、麻黄属、菊科、蔷薇科、白刺花粉在研究区或特定植被带含量高、变幅大,其气候指代意义在古环境重建时可作参考。麻黄属、莎草科代表性良好。藜科、蒿属呈超代表性,干扰了其他植被带花粉与植被间的数量关系判别。禾本科在表土花粉谱中得到体现,但与其在现代植被中的含量比仍表现为低代表性。干旱生境中的灌木、半灌木、陆生草本植物在简化了的表土花粉谱中优势明显,揭示了博格达山南坡自然环境的干燥性、生态系统的敏感性及脆弱性。Based on 57 topsoil pollen samples collected from the south slope of Bogda Mountain,we analyzed the relationship between pollen assemblages and modern vegetation by means of quantitative ecology and discussed its ecological implications.According to principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(CA),the pollen samples were divided into five vegetation zones along the elevation,including shrub desert,semi-shrub desert,mountain steppe,mountain meadow steppe,and alpine meadow.The pollen assemblages differed significantly among vegetation zones,with Ephedra-Chenopodiaceae-Nitraria,Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia,Gramineae-Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia,Gramineae-Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Compositae-Cyperaceae,and Cyperaceae-Chenopodiaceae-Poaceae-Compositae-Rosaceae pollen assemblages dominating corresponding vegetation zones.By weakening the influence of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia on other vegetation zones,topsoil pollen assemblages responded well to modern vegetation distribution.Pollen assemblage indicated the dry and wet conditions of soil and environment based on PCA.Chenopodiaceae,Gramineae,Artemisia,Cyperaceae,Ephedra,Compositae,Rosaceae,and Nitraria were the main pollen types,with high content and large variation,which could be used as important references for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment.Ephedra and Cyperaceae were well represented.Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia were super representatives,which interfered with the discrimination of the quantitative relationship between pollen content and modern vegetation in other zones.The content of Gramineae was reflected in the pollen spectrum of topsoil,but it was still less representative than that of grasses in modern vegetation.Shrubs,sub-shrubs,and upland herbs in arid habitats had obvious advantages in the simplified pollen spectrum of topsoil,revealing the aridity of natural environment and the sensitivity and fragility of ecosystems on the south slope of Bogda Mountain.

关 键 词：花粉组合 植被类型 PCA CA 博格达山 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]