祁连山北麓中段荒漠草原啮齿动物栖息地特征  

Habitat characteristics of rodents in desert steppe in the middle part of northern piedmont of Qilian Mountains

作　　者：马义杰 王军 屈勇 楚彬[1] 唐庄生 包达尔罕 花蕊 花立民[1] MA Yijie;WANG Jun;QU Yong;CHU Bin;TANG Zhuangsheng;BAO Daerhan;HUA Rui;HUA Limin(College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Alpine Rodent Pest Control,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Lanzhou 730070,China;Sunan Grassland Station,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,国家林业草原高寒草地鼠害防控工程技术研究中心,兰州730070 [2]肃南县草原工作站,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第8期1911-1919,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160338);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑项目(2021CYZC-05);国家林草局草地啮齿动物危害防控创新团队资助。

摘　　要：祁连山北麓中段荒漠草原鼠害日趋加剧,已严重影响当地畜牧业生产和草原生态保护。明晰当地啮齿动物栖息地特征对鼠害精准防控具有重要意义。本研究调查了该区域啮齿动物地理分布及其主要分布区土壤物理性状和植物群落结构,从植被景观、土壤和植物3个层面揭示研究区啮齿动物栖息地特征。结果表明:(1)荒漠草原是研究区啮齿动物主要分布区;(2)0~30 cm土壤紧实度和土壤水分与鼠洞密度显著相关(R^(2)>0.32,P<0.05);(3)植被盖度、生物量、Patrick指数和Pielou指数与鼠洞密度显著相关(R^(2)>0.31,P<0.05),珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)频度与鼠洞密度呈显著负相关(P<0.05);(4)冗余分析结果发现,显著影响啮齿动物栖息地选择的是0~30 cm土壤紧实度(P<0.01)。可见,0~30 cm土壤紧实度是影响研究区啮齿动物栖息地选择的主要环境因子。Rodent damage is becoming increasingly serious across desert steppe in the middle region of the northern piedmont of Qilian Mountains,which threatens local animal husbandry and grassland ecological protection.It is therefore of great significance to identify the characteristics of local rodent habitats for precise control over rodents.In this study,we investigated the geographical distribution of rodents in this region as well as soil physical characteristics and plant community structure in the main distribution areas,aiming to reveal the habitat characteristics of rodents at three aspects of vegetation landscape,soil,and plants.Results showed that desert steppe was the main distribution area of rodents in the study area.The density of rodent holes was significantly correlated with soil compactness and soil moisture of the 0-30 cm layer(R^(2)>0.32,P<0.05).Vegetation coverage,plant biomass,Patrick index and Pielou index were significantly correlated with rat hole density(R^(2)>0.31,P<0.05),while the frequency of Salsola passerina was significantly negatively correlated with rodent hole density(P<0.05).The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil compactness of 0-30 cm layer significantly affected the habitat selection of rodents(P<0.01).Our results demonstrate that soil compactness of 0-30 cm layer is the main environmental factor affecting habitat selection of rodents in the study area.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 啮齿动物 分布 栖息地 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]