油田区土壤中石油烃残留特征及生态环境风险预测  

Residue characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon and the prediction of ecological environment risk in oil field soil

作　　者：成智高 李刚[1,3] 吴波 郭书海[1,3] 刘东 师楠[4] 李杨 CHENG Zhigao;LI Gang;WU Bo;GUO Shuhai;LIU Dong;SHI Nan;LI Yang(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100049,China;National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process,Shenyang 110016,China;State Key Laboratory of Heauy Oil Processing,College of Chemical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China;Liaoning Provincial Ecology&Environment Monitoring Center,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]污染土壤生物-物化协同修复技术国家地方联合工程实验室,沈阳110016 [4]中国石油大学(华东)化学工程学院重质油国家重点实验室,山东青岛266580 [5]辽宁省生态环境监测中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第8期1944-1952,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801900)资助。

摘　　要：石油烃(C_(10)~C_(40))是由不同碳数的烃类化合物组成,各碳数烃类化合物残留差异造成了不同程度的生态环境风险。本文以辽河油田开采区为研究区域,分析不同污染历史土壤中各碳段石油烃残留特征,构建分碳段石油烃残留模型,基于土壤质量指数与蒙特卡洛模拟,评估及预测生态环境风险。结果表明:油田开采区土壤中残留石油烃含量差异大(17.8~2004.7 mg·kg^(-1)),且各碳段占比不同,即C_(22)~C_(40)(53.00%)>C_(13)~C_(16)(31.81%)>C_(17)~C_(21)(15.17%)>C_(10)~C_(12)(0.02%);不同碳段石油烃的自然衰减速率常数(λ)范围为0.0286~0.0395 a^(-1),基于λ构建的残留模型及95%置信区间反映了各碳段石油烃的残留过程;评估显示,短期污染(≤35年)残留石油烃导致生态环境处于极低风险水平,而长期污染(>35年)则是中低风险;根据本研究情况及残留模型推演,在持续污染且无合理管控情况下,油田区生态环境整体上将长期处于极高风险水平。Petroleum hydrocarbons(C_(10)-C_(40))are composed of hydrocarbon compounds with different carbon numbers,which would have different degrees of ecological environmental risks.In this study,we analyzed the residual characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in each carbon segment in soils with different pollution histories in the oil exploitation area of Liaohe Oilfield.We evaluated and predicted the ecological environment risk of soil petroleum hydrocarbon pollution based on soil quality index and Monte Carlo simulation.The results showed that the content of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil of oil field mining area varied greatly(17.8-2004.7 mg·kg^(-1)),and that the proportion of each carbon segment was different as follows:C_(22)-C_(40)(53.00%)C_(13)-C_(16)(31.81%)C_(17)-C_(21)(15.17%)C_(10)-C_(12)(0.02%).The natural decay rate constants(λ)of petroleum hydrocarbons in different carbon segments ranged from 0.0286 to 0.0395 a^(-1).The residue model and 95%confidence interval constructed based onλreflected the accumulation and residue processes of petroleum hydrocarbons in each carbon segment.Risk assessment showed that short-term pollution(≤35 a)residual petroleum hydrocarbons led to low levels of ecological environment risks,while long-term pollution(35 a)led to medium and low risks.Our results suggest that the overall ecological environment of oilfield area will be at a very high risk level for a long time under the condition of continuous pollution and no reasonable control.

关 键 词：石油烃碳段 残留模型 自然衰减 污染历史 风险评估 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]