基于GIS和组合赋权的城市洪涝灾害风险评估  

Urban flood disaster risk assessment based on GIS and combined weights

作　　者：熊凡 李沛鸿[1] 袁逸敏 吴峰 XIONG Fan;LI Peihong;YUAN Yimin;WU Feng(School of Civil and Surveying&Mapping Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第8期60-66,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010407010)。

摘　　要：为进行科学有效的洪涝灾害风险分析研究,减少洪灾损失,以江西省赣州市为例,基于灾害风险理论,从危险性、敏感性和易损性3个方向选取了多源环境洪水调节因子和社会经济参数构建洪涝灾害风险评估体系,借助GIS的地理处理和空间分析功能,结合信息熵和AHP法组合赋权,绘制出赣州市洪涝灾害风险等级分布图,并对洪灾风险进行评估。结果表明:赣州市洪涝灾害风险呈片状分布,高风险区与次高风险区分别占总面积的9.7%和21.8%,其中高风险区主要分布在赣州市东北部的宁都、石城和瑞金,中部的章贡区以及南部的全南、龙南和寻乌等地,评估结果与历史灾情数据基本一致。研究成果可为城市防洪治理与风险管理提供理论支撑。To conduct scientific and effective risk analysis on flood disasters and to reduce flood losses,taking Ganzhou City in Jiangxi Province as an example,based on disaster risk theory,we built a flood risk assessment system by selecting multi-source environmental flood regulation factors and socio-economic parameters in terms of risk,sensitivity and vulnerability.With the help of geographical processing and spatial analysis functions of GIS,a weight distribution map was drawn by combining information entropy and AHP method.A distribution map of flood disaster risk grade in Ganzhou City was given,and the flood disaster risk was assessed.The results show that the flood risk in Ganzhou City is distributed in a stretch shape,and the high risk area and the second high risk area account for 9.7% and 21.8% of the total area respectively,of which the high risk area is mainly distributed in Ningdu,Shicheng and Ruijin in the northeast of Ganzhou City,Zhanggong District in the center of Ganzhou City and Quannan,Longnan and Xunwu in the southern Ganzhou City.The evaluation results are basically consistent with historical disaster data.This study can provide theoretical support for urban flood control governance and risk management.

关 键 词：洪涝灾害 风险评估 GIS 信息熵 AHP 组合权重 赣州市 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]