水位抬升对丹江口水库底栖动物群落的影响研究  

Effects of water level rising on macro-invertebrate communities in Danjiangkou Reservoir

作　　者：文威 李双双 冯桃辉 彭祺 WEN Wei;LI Shuangshuang;FENG Taohui;PENG Qi(Central-Southern Safety&Environment Technology Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430079,China;Wuhan Environment Monitoring Center,Wuhan 430015,China;Hubei Province Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中南安全环境技术研究院股份有限公司,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉市生态环境监控中心,湖北武汉430015 [3]湖北省生态环境科学研究院(省生态环境工程评估中心),湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第8期85-92,共8页Yangtze River

摘　　要：南水北调中线工程水源地丹江口水库2014年秋季正式供水后,全年平均水位相较往年抬升超过10 m,极大地改变了库区的生态环境。在库区设置10个监测站位,于水位抬升前(2013年11月、2014年5月)和水位抬升后(2019年11月)分别对底栖动物进行了3次系统调查,在解析底栖动物群落结构、现存量、生物多样性变化的基础上,探讨水位变化引起的生态胁迫对底栖动物群落和库区生态系统的影响效应。研究结果表明,水位大幅抬升后,寡毛类仍然是丹江口水库底栖动物的优势类群,底栖动物的群落结构未发生显著改变,但优势种霍甫水丝蚓和正颤蚓的密度占比发生小幅变化,底栖动物种群分布趋于均匀分布,物种多样性趋于上升。水位抬升后水温分层效应的增强给原有生态系统带来了一定程度的胁迫和干扰,恶化了底栖动物的栖息环境,其现存量明显下降,β多样性略有上升。秋季(11月)适合霍甫水丝蚓的生长繁殖,而春季(5月)利于正颤蚓和摇蚊类的生长繁殖,底栖动物密度春季高于秋季。Since the Danjiangkou Reservoir was opened,the water source of Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project,in the autumn of 2014,the annual average water level has increased by more than 10 meters compared to previous years,which has greatly changed the ecological environment of the reservoir.Ten monitoring stations were set up to investigate the macro-invertebrate communities and three surveys were conducted at November 2013,May 2014 and(before water level rising)November 2019(after water level rising).On the basis of analyzing the changes of macro-invertebrate community structure,standing crop and biodiversity,the effects of ecological stress caused by water level change on macro-invertebrate community and reservoir ecosystem were discussed.The results showed that oligochaetes were still the dominant group after water level rising,and the community structure did not changed significantly,but the density proportion of dominant species such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Tubifex tubifex changed slightly,meanwhile the distribution pattern tended to be uniform,and the species diversity tended to increase.The enhanced thermal stratification after water level rising brought a certain degree of stress and disturbance to the original ecosystem,and worsened the habitat environment of macro-invertebrates,which was characterized by the obvious decreasing of standing crop and the slight increasing ofβdiversity.In terms of season,autumn(November)was suitable for the growth and reproduction of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,while spring(May)was conducive to the growth and reproduction of both Tubifex tubifex and chironomids,and the density was higher in spring than in autumn.

关 键 词：底栖动物 群落结构 水位抬升 生物多样性 现存量 丹江口水库 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]