汛期暴雨情景下鄱阳湖流域水质时空分布特征与污染成因分析  

Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Causes of Water Quality in Poyang Lake Basin Under Rainstorm in Flood Season

作　　者：侯露 高愈霄[1] 刘冰[1] 李健军[1] 彭福利[1] 贾世琪 HOU Lu;GAO Yuxiao;LIU Bing;LI Jianjun;PENG Fuli;JIA Shiqi(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2023年第4期110-124,共15页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200105)。

摘　　要：基于2019年和2020年鄱阳湖流域降水及水质监测数据,利用线性倾向估计法和累积距平法对2020年汛期暴雨情景下的湖区及入湖河流开展水质时空分布特征及污染成因分析,量化湖区地表水水质评价指标在不同降水量级情景下的响应。结果表明:①从时间上看,TP为主要超标污染物。2020年汛期,出湖口水质为Ⅲ类的月份占比同比上升8.3%,有机污染强度同比显著加重,暴雨情景下的指标浓度变幅大于非汛期降水情景。②从空间上看,湖区水质自南向北改善明显。入湖支流汛期水质主要受有机污染强度增加的影响而有所下降,TP浓度在南部入湖口和出湖口变幅较小,NH3-N浓度与场次降水量存在强正相关性,污染负荷变化对场次暴雨量的累积响应较同步且迅速。③降水量级会影响污染来源结构。暴雨洪水的稀释作用可能是湖区水质年内波动的主要控制因素,暴雨可能导致湖体出现富营养化。Based on the precipitation and water quality data of Poyang Lake from 2019 to 2020,spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and pollution causes of water quality of Poyang Lake and its tributaries were analyzed by the linear trend estimation and the accumulated departure methods under the rainstorm scenario in the flood season in 2020.The response of the surface Water Quality Index(WQI)to different precipitation magnitude scenarios of the lake was quantified.The results showed that:①In terms of time,total phosphorus was the main pollutant exceeding the standard.In the flood season of 2020,the level of ClassⅢwater quality of the lake increased by 8.3%year-on-year.The intensity of organic pollution increased significantly and the variation of index concentration under the rainstorm scenario was greater than that in the non-flood season.②In terms of space,the water quality improved significantly from south to north in the lake area.In flood season,the water quality of the tributaries was mainly reduced by the increase in organic pollution intensity,and TP concentration had slight amplitude of variation in the south lake inlet and outlet.NH3-N concentration had a strong positive correlation with precipitation.The change of pollution load responded synchronously and rapidly to the short-term rainstorm.③The magnitude of precipitation affected the structure of pollution sources.The dilution effect of extreme rainstorm might be the main control factor for the annual fluctuation of water quality in the lake area.The rainstorm might lead to eutrophication of the lake.

关 键 词：汛期暴雨 鄱阳湖 入湖支流 水质时空特征 成因分析 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]