道与言:王船山与海德格尔的语言哲学略论  

Tao and Words:A Brief Discussion on the Language Philosophy of Wang Chuanshan and Heidegger

作　　者：周广友[1] Zhou Guangyou(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学所,北京100732

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2023年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

摘　　要：王船山一方面认为文以载道、道因辞显,语言对显明道体具有重要作用;另一方面又基于儒家立场提出“道因言而生”,凸显人在道中的主体性及行动力,强调语言参与了道的形成。海德格尔受道家思想影响,把语言本质视为存在向存在者(此在)的一种道说、道示,认为人应当“应合”于大道。在海德格尔看来,语言从本有而来,与世界、历史同时发生,是大道的方式和此在的最高事件。王船山与海德格尔的语言观反映了二人所处时代的东西方哲学传统的核心——本体论与存在论(ontology),故道与言(逻各斯)之关系总摄、映射着二人语言哲学的同一与差异。Wang Chuanshan thought that language plays an important role in highlighting the Tao style,as literature carries the Tao and the Tao is manifested through words on the one hand and on the other hand,based on the Confucian position,he proposed that“Tao arises from words”,highlighting the subjectivity and action of humans in the Tao,and emphasizing that language participates in the formation of the Tao.Influenced by Taoist thought,Heidegger regarded the essence of language as a kind of discourse and manifestation of existence towards the being,believing that humans should“correspond”to the Tao.In Heidegger’s view,language comes from being and occurs simultaneously with the world and history,which is the highest event of the way and being of the Tao.The language views of Wang Chuanshan and Heidegger reflect the core of the Eastern and Western philosophical traditions in which they live,namely ontology.Therefore,the relationship between Tao and language(logos)reflects the identity and differences of their language philosophies.

关 键 词：语言 道 王夫之 海德格尔 

分 类 号：B249.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]