数字产品进口对企业出口国内附加值率的影响研究  

The Impact of Digital Product Imports on the Domestic Value-added Rate of Enterprises'Exports

作　　者：郝能 刘德学[1] 吴云霞 HAO Neng;LIU Dexue;WU Yunxia

机构地区：[1]暨南大学经济学院 [2]中北大学经济与管理学院 [3]南开大学理论经济学科研流动站

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2023年第7期70-86,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“制造业数字化与劳动就业和工资:机理、经验证据与对策研究”(22YJC790142);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“数字贸易对我国双重价值链升级的影响研究”(22YJC790135)。

摘　　要：本文基于2000—2013年中国工业企业数据库与中国海关数据库的匹配数据,考察数字产品进口对企业出口国内附加值率的影响。研究结果表明:数字产品进口与企业出口国内附加值率存在倒U型曲线关系,该曲线会受到企业吸收能力的调节,较强的吸收能力使曲线形态更加陡峭、拐点右移、整体水平上移;从影响机制来看,数字产品进口通过技术外溢增强企业创新能力进而提高企业出口国内附加值率,同时也会增加进口中间品比例导致企业出口国内附加值率降低;异质性分析显示,企业吸收能力的调节作用对进口数字中间品企业、加工贸易企业、所在地数字经济发展水平较低及从高收入国家(地区)进口的企业的倒U型关系不显著。本研究的政策启示是,政府应重视数字产品进口、企业吸收能力与出口国内附加值率之间的关系,充分利用数字产品进口技术外溢引致的创新效应,促进我国对外贸易高质量发展。This paper examines the impact of digital product imports on the domestic value-added rate of enterprises'exports using matched data from China Industrial Enterprises Database and China Customs Database for the period of 2000-2013.The results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between digital product imports and the domestic value-added rate of enterprises'exports.This relationship is moderated by the absorptive capacity of the enterprises,and a stronger absorptive capacity leads to the curve steeper,its turning point shifting rightward,and the overall curve moving up.In terms of the mechanism,digital product imports enhance firms innovation capacity through technological spillovers,thereby increasing the domestic value-added rate in exports.However,the import also increases the proportion of imported intermediate goods,which lowers the domestic value-added rate.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the moderating effect of absorptive capacity is not significant in the inverted U-shaped relationship for enterprises importing digital intermediate goods,processing trade enterprises,enterprises located in regions with lower levels of digital economic development,and enterprises importing from high-income countries(regions).The policy implications of this study is that the government should pay more attention to the relationship between digital product imports,absorptive capacity of enterprises,and the domestic value-added rate of exports.The government should fully utilize the innovation effects induced by technological spillovers from digital product imports to promote high-quality development of China's foreign trade.

关 键 词：数字产品进口 企业出口国内附加值率 企业吸收能力 倒U型曲线 技术外溢 

分 类 号：F11-0[经济管理—国际贸易]